Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study

Background: A new charting system for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) was recently published and is based on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. This charting system aims to standardise MIH data collection. Therefore, there is a need for new MIH prevalence studies us...

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Main Authors: Zahra Almuallem, Abdulmalik Alsuhaim, Abdulaziz Alqudayri, Sarah Aljarid, Mona Mousa Alotaibi, Rawan Alkraida, Rania Faden, Faten Mojaleed, Moatazbellah Alruwaithi, Haila Al-Huraishi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-01-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001371
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author Zahra Almuallem
Abdulmalik Alsuhaim
Abdulaziz Alqudayri
Sarah Aljarid
Mona Mousa Alotaibi
Rawan Alkraida
Rania Faden
Faten Mojaleed
Moatazbellah Alruwaithi
Haila Al-Huraishi
author_facet Zahra Almuallem
Abdulmalik Alsuhaim
Abdulaziz Alqudayri
Sarah Aljarid
Mona Mousa Alotaibi
Rawan Alkraida
Rania Faden
Faten Mojaleed
Moatazbellah Alruwaithi
Haila Al-Huraishi
author_sort Zahra Almuallem
collection DOAJ
description Background: A new charting system for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) was recently published and is based on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. This charting system aims to standardise MIH data collection. Therefore, there is a need for new MIH prevalence studies using the currently recommended charting-form. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and possible aetiological factors of MIH in randomly selected Saudi schoolchildren aged 8–12 years in Riyadh. Design: A randomly selected sample of Saudi schoolchildren aged 8–12 years attending elementary schools in Riyadh was examined using the EAPD short-form charting, which was recently recommended for the standardised collection of epidemiological data on MIH. To investigate possible aetiological factors of MIH, we collected demographic, pregnancy, and medical history using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,562 children participated in the study (48.8% girls, 51.2% boys). The prevalence of MIH was 15.2%, without a significant difference in the prevalence between the sexes. Among those with MIH, 79.4% had affected incisors and 55.9% had hypomineralised second primary molars. The most prevalent clinical defect was demarcated opacities, and the maxillary arch was more affected. Permanent incisors were more affected in boys than in girls. Defects of the first permanent molars were more severe in terms of clinical status and lesion extent than defects of the permanent incisors. MIH was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of early childhood ear infections, respiratory distress, and tonsillitis. Conclusions: MIH is common in Saudi schoolchildren living in Riyadh, with no gender predilection. Hypomineralised second primary molars can be used to predict MIH. MIH was significantly associated with childhood illness during the first three years of life, including ear infection, respiratory distress, and tonsillitis.
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spelling doaj-art-67a2e4b335ab48c8bbb99c712e6de4be2025-08-20T03:18:15ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522022-01-01341364410.1016/j.sdentj.2021.10.004Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional studyZahra Almuallem0Abdulmalik Alsuhaim1Abdulaziz Alqudayri2Sarah Aljarid3Mona Mousa Alotaibi4Rawan Alkraida5Rania Faden6Faten Mojaleed7Moatazbellah Alruwaithi8Haila Al-Huraishi9Riyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSecond Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDental College, Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRiyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPrivate Dental Sector, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRiyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRiyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRiyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRiyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBackground: A new charting system for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) was recently published and is based on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. This charting system aims to standardise MIH data collection. Therefore, there is a need for new MIH prevalence studies using the currently recommended charting-form. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and possible aetiological factors of MIH in randomly selected Saudi schoolchildren aged 8–12 years in Riyadh. Design: A randomly selected sample of Saudi schoolchildren aged 8–12 years attending elementary schools in Riyadh was examined using the EAPD short-form charting, which was recently recommended for the standardised collection of epidemiological data on MIH. To investigate possible aetiological factors of MIH, we collected demographic, pregnancy, and medical history using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,562 children participated in the study (48.8% girls, 51.2% boys). The prevalence of MIH was 15.2%, without a significant difference in the prevalence between the sexes. Among those with MIH, 79.4% had affected incisors and 55.9% had hypomineralised second primary molars. The most prevalent clinical defect was demarcated opacities, and the maxillary arch was more affected. Permanent incisors were more affected in boys than in girls. Defects of the first permanent molars were more severe in terms of clinical status and lesion extent than defects of the permanent incisors. MIH was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of early childhood ear infections, respiratory distress, and tonsillitis. Conclusions: MIH is common in Saudi schoolchildren living in Riyadh, with no gender predilection. Hypomineralised second primary molars can be used to predict MIH. MIH was significantly associated with childhood illness during the first three years of life, including ear infection, respiratory distress, and tonsillitis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001371Molar incisor hypomineralisationMIHHypomineralised second primary molarsEpidemiologyRisk factorsEnamel defect
spellingShingle Zahra Almuallem
Abdulmalik Alsuhaim
Abdulaziz Alqudayri
Sarah Aljarid
Mona Mousa Alotaibi
Rawan Alkraida
Rania Faden
Faten Mojaleed
Moatazbellah Alruwaithi
Haila Al-Huraishi
Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
Saudi Dental Journal
Molar incisor hypomineralisation
MIH
Hypomineralised second primary molars
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Enamel defect
title Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Saudi children: A cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence and possible aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralisation in saudi children a cross sectional study
topic Molar incisor hypomineralisation
MIH
Hypomineralised second primary molars
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Enamel defect
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905221001371
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