Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study
BackgroundVitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832591909895274496 |
|---|---|
| author | Yaling Fang Yaling Fang Xin Wen Hui You Yueye Huang Shen Qu Xingchun Wang Le Bu |
| author_facet | Yaling Fang Yaling Fang Xin Wen Hui You Yueye Huang Shen Qu Xingchun Wang Le Bu |
| author_sort | Yaling Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundVitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.ResultsBody mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = −0.093, p = 0.016; r = −0.082, p = 0.036; r = −0.099, p = 0.011; r = −0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = −0.103, p = 0.011; r = −0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = −0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = −0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = −0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).ConclusionThese results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6783d186067647e6930f9ed77a40c569 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-6783d186067647e6930f9ed77a40c5692025-01-22T05:19:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-01-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15094651509465Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional studyYaling Fang0Yaling Fang1Xin Wen2Hui You3Yueye Huang4Shen Qu5Xingchun Wang6Le Bu7Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundVitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.ResultsBody mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = −0.093, p = 0.016; r = −0.082, p = 0.036; r = −0.099, p = 0.011; r = −0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = −0.103, p = 0.011; r = −0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = −0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = −0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = −0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).ConclusionThese results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465/fullvitamin Dthyroid functiontype 2 diabetes mellitussubclinical hypothyroidismobesity |
| spellingShingle | Yaling Fang Yaling Fang Xin Wen Hui You Yueye Huang Shen Qu Xingchun Wang Le Bu Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study Frontiers in Nutrition vitamin D thyroid function type 2 diabetes mellitus subclinical hypothyroidism obesity |
| title | Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | decreased vitamin d increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with t2dm a cross sectional study |
| topic | vitamin D thyroid function type 2 diabetes mellitus subclinical hypothyroidism obesity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yalingfang decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT yalingfang decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT xinwen decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT huiyou decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT yueyehuang decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT shenqu decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT xingchunwang decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy AT lebu decreasedvitamindincreasetheriskforsubclinicalhypothyroidisminindividualswitht2dmacrosssectionalstudy |