Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes

Background/Objectives: The triple jump is included in the Paralympic Athletics competition. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship of the phase ratios and the inter-limb asymmetry in the spatiotemporal parameters of the approach run in Paralympic and international-level Class T46/T4...

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Main Authors: Adrián García-Fresneda, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos, Mariana C. Kotzamanidou, Josep-Maria Padullés Riu, Miguel Angel Torralba Jordán, José Luís López-del Amo, Xavier Padullés, Petros Athanasakis, Timothy A. Exell, Apostolos S. Theodorou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Biomechanics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/4/4/43
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author Adrián García-Fresneda
Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
Mariana C. Kotzamanidou
Josep-Maria Padullés Riu
Miguel Angel Torralba Jordán
José Luís López-del Amo
Xavier Padullés
Petros Athanasakis
Timothy A. Exell
Apostolos S. Theodorou
author_facet Adrián García-Fresneda
Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
Mariana C. Kotzamanidou
Josep-Maria Padullés Riu
Miguel Angel Torralba Jordán
José Luís López-del Amo
Xavier Padullés
Petros Athanasakis
Timothy A. Exell
Apostolos S. Theodorou
author_sort Adrián García-Fresneda
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: The triple jump is included in the Paralympic Athletics competition. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship of the phase ratios and the inter-limb asymmetry in the spatiotemporal parameters of the approach run in Paralympic and international-level Class T46/T47 triple jumpers. Methods: Eleven Class T46/T47 male athletes were recorded during the examined competitions. Step length (SL), frequency (SF), and average velocity (ASV) for the late approach run as well as the length and the percentage distribution of each jumping phase (hop, step, jump) were measured using a panning video analysis method. The inter-limb asymmetry was estimated using the symmetry angle. Results: No significant inter-limb asymmetry was found (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In addition, SL, SF, and ASV were not different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between the steps initiated from the ipsilateral and the contralateral leg regarding the impaired arm. However, the direction of asymmetry for SF was towards the ipsilateral leg to the impaired arm in the majority of the examined athletes. The maximum speed of the approach was correlated with the triple jump distance and the magnitude of asymmetry for AVS was correlated with the vertical take-off velocity and angle for the step. Conclusions: Since the distance of the triple jump related with the peak approach speed added the negative correlation of peak approach speed with the magnitude of the symmetry angle for SL, it is suggested to minimize the asymmetries in the step characteristics during the approach run to improve triple jump performance in Class T46/T47 jumpers.
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spelling doaj-art-6772a97b4f61470bafe3dfd56610aff42025-08-20T02:01:04ZengMDPI AGBiomechanics2673-70782024-10-014460561710.3390/biomechanics4040043Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male AthletesAdrián García-Fresneda0Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos1Mariana C. Kotzamanidou2Josep-Maria Padullés Riu3Miguel Angel Torralba Jordán4José Luís López-del Amo5Xavier Padullés6Petros Athanasakis7Timothy A. Exell8Apostolos S. Theodorou9Research Group in Tecnologia Aplicada a l’Alt Rendiment i la Salut (TAARS), Department of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, TecnoCampus Park Mataró-Maresme, 08302 Mataró, SpainBiomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceFaculty of Health Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, 54624 Thessaloniki, GreeceNational Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Applied Didactics, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainNational Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, 08038 Barcelona, SpainChronojump Boscosystem, 08038 Barcelona, SpainBiomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UKSchool of Physical Education and Sport Science—SEFAA, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceBackground/Objectives: The triple jump is included in the Paralympic Athletics competition. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship of the phase ratios and the inter-limb asymmetry in the spatiotemporal parameters of the approach run in Paralympic and international-level Class T46/T47 triple jumpers. Methods: Eleven Class T46/T47 male athletes were recorded during the examined competitions. Step length (SL), frequency (SF), and average velocity (ASV) for the late approach run as well as the length and the percentage distribution of each jumping phase (hop, step, jump) were measured using a panning video analysis method. The inter-limb asymmetry was estimated using the symmetry angle. Results: No significant inter-limb asymmetry was found (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In addition, SL, SF, and ASV were not different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between the steps initiated from the ipsilateral and the contralateral leg regarding the impaired arm. However, the direction of asymmetry for SF was towards the ipsilateral leg to the impaired arm in the majority of the examined athletes. The maximum speed of the approach was correlated with the triple jump distance and the magnitude of asymmetry for AVS was correlated with the vertical take-off velocity and angle for the step. Conclusions: Since the distance of the triple jump related with the peak approach speed added the negative correlation of peak approach speed with the magnitude of the symmetry angle for SL, it is suggested to minimize the asymmetries in the step characteristics during the approach run to improve triple jump performance in Class T46/T47 jumpers.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/4/4/43paralympic eventstrack and fieldsport performanceupper limb impairmentinter-limb asymmetrylaterality
spellingShingle Adrián García-Fresneda
Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
Mariana C. Kotzamanidou
Josep-Maria Padullés Riu
Miguel Angel Torralba Jordán
José Luís López-del Amo
Xavier Padullés
Petros Athanasakis
Timothy A. Exell
Apostolos S. Theodorou
Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
Biomechanics
paralympic events
track and field
sport performance
upper limb impairment
inter-limb asymmetry
laterality
title Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
title_full Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
title_fullStr Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
title_short Triple Jump Performance Parameters and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Approach Run in International and Paralympic-Level Class T46/T47 Male Athletes
title_sort triple jump performance parameters and inter limb asymmetry in the kinematic parameters of the approach run in international and paralympic level class t46 t47 male athletes
topic paralympic events
track and field
sport performance
upper limb impairment
inter-limb asymmetry
laterality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7078/4/4/43
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