Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion

Abstract Background Hybrid rice is pivotal for ensuring food security in China, yet challenges persist in its seed production. Sterile lines commonly face issues such as necking, gibberellins (GAs) are key regulators of panicle exsertion in rice, necessitating increased application of GAs during see...

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Main Authors: Pengpeng Fang, Yi Zhou, Li Zhang, Wuhan Zhang, Qiang He, Duo Lan, Jia Zeng, Huafeng Deng, Fu Shu, Pingyong Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11809-1
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author Pengpeng Fang
Yi Zhou
Li Zhang
Wuhan Zhang
Qiang He
Duo Lan
Jia Zeng
Huafeng Deng
Fu Shu
Pingyong Sun
author_facet Pengpeng Fang
Yi Zhou
Li Zhang
Wuhan Zhang
Qiang He
Duo Lan
Jia Zeng
Huafeng Deng
Fu Shu
Pingyong Sun
author_sort Pengpeng Fang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Hybrid rice is pivotal for ensuring food security in China, yet challenges persist in its seed production. Sterile lines commonly face issues such as necking, gibberellins (GAs) are key regulators of panicle exsertion in rice, necessitating increased application of GAs during seed production, leading to elevated costs and environmental pollution. The novel photoperiod-thermosensitive genic male sterile line Shuang 1S addresses these limitations through its unique non-necked morphology and has super high yield of seed production. Results To elucidate the regulatory pathways governing panicle exsertion and identify novel potential genes, this study assessed endogenous GA levels and performed RNA-seq analysis on two sterile lines, Shuang 1S and Han 2S, which displayed notable differences in panicle exsertion. Among 20 sterile lines examined, Shuang 1S demonstrated the highest panicle grains exsertion rate (91.03%) and the longest inverted first internode (28.24 cm). The findings revealed a 1.5-fold increase in GA content in Shuang 1S compared to Han 2S. Additionally, 2,147 up-regulated and 2,709 down-regulated genes were identified between SP (Shuang 1S) and HP (Han 2S), including 15 genes (10 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) involved in GA biosynthesis and metabolism. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed significant enrichment in pathways including diterpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, which are associated with gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis and catabolism. Conclusions We found that panicle exsertion was directly related to GAs content, and mainly enriched in diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction. These findings present new potential candidate genes for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of panicle exsertion in rice.
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spelling doaj-art-6766091cbb214e8d9e7beefbf397845a2025-08-20T04:01:24ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-07-0126111310.1186/s12864-025-11809-1Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertionPengpeng Fang0Yi Zhou1Li Zhang2Wuhan Zhang3Qiang He4Duo Lan5Jia Zeng6Huafeng Deng7Fu Shu8Pingyong Sun9Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHunan Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences and Chinese Herbal MedicinesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityLongping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityLongping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterLongping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityAbstract Background Hybrid rice is pivotal for ensuring food security in China, yet challenges persist in its seed production. Sterile lines commonly face issues such as necking, gibberellins (GAs) are key regulators of panicle exsertion in rice, necessitating increased application of GAs during seed production, leading to elevated costs and environmental pollution. The novel photoperiod-thermosensitive genic male sterile line Shuang 1S addresses these limitations through its unique non-necked morphology and has super high yield of seed production. Results To elucidate the regulatory pathways governing panicle exsertion and identify novel potential genes, this study assessed endogenous GA levels and performed RNA-seq analysis on two sterile lines, Shuang 1S and Han 2S, which displayed notable differences in panicle exsertion. Among 20 sterile lines examined, Shuang 1S demonstrated the highest panicle grains exsertion rate (91.03%) and the longest inverted first internode (28.24 cm). The findings revealed a 1.5-fold increase in GA content in Shuang 1S compared to Han 2S. Additionally, 2,147 up-regulated and 2,709 down-regulated genes were identified between SP (Shuang 1S) and HP (Han 2S), including 15 genes (10 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) involved in GA biosynthesis and metabolism. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed significant enrichment in pathways including diterpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, which are associated with gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis and catabolism. Conclusions We found that panicle exsertion was directly related to GAs content, and mainly enriched in diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction. These findings present new potential candidate genes for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of panicle exsertion in rice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11809-1Sterile linePanicle exsertionGibberellinRNA-seqRice
spellingShingle Pengpeng Fang
Yi Zhou
Li Zhang
Wuhan Zhang
Qiang He
Duo Lan
Jia Zeng
Huafeng Deng
Fu Shu
Pingyong Sun
Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
BMC Genomics
Sterile line
Panicle exsertion
Gibberellin
RNA-seq
Rice
title Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
title_full Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
title_fullStr Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
title_short Transcriptome analysis of two photo-thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines reveal GA-mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
title_sort transcriptome analysis of two photo thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines reveal ga mediated regulatory mechanism for rice panicle exsertion
topic Sterile line
Panicle exsertion
Gibberellin
RNA-seq
Rice
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11809-1
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