Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?

Juniperus species play a crucial role in the ecological dynamics of the eastern Hindu Kush region in Pakistan, growing either as mono-specific stands or co-occurring in species-poor communities on mountainous scree slopes, as well as near agricultural and residential areas. Despite their limited pop...

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Main Authors: Nasir Ud Din, Nasrullah Khan, Rafi Ullah, Mohammad K. Okla, Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud, Ibrahim A. Saleh, Hashem A. Abu-Harirah, Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-06-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19184.pdf
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author Nasir Ud Din
Nasrullah Khan
Rafi Ullah
Mohammad K. Okla
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
Ibrahim A. Saleh
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
author_facet Nasir Ud Din
Nasrullah Khan
Rafi Ullah
Mohammad K. Okla
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
Ibrahim A. Saleh
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
author_sort Nasir Ud Din
collection DOAJ
description Juniperus species play a crucial role in the ecological dynamics of the eastern Hindu Kush region in Pakistan, growing either as mono-specific stands or co-occurring in species-poor communities on mountainous scree slopes, as well as near agricultural and residential areas. Despite their limited population, these trees offer a diverse range of ecosystem services, emphasizing the intricate interdependence between human and natural ecosystems. Given their ecological and commercial importance, local people employ silvicultural practices, such as pruning, to ensure sustainable management. The present study, therefore, aimed to assess conventional pruning practices in the region to understand their impacts on stand structure and ecological productivity. The findings indicated that pruning at an intensity of 30–40% was particularly effective, significantly enhancing dendrometric and reproductive traits, such as height, growth rates, and the production of viable seeds (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Additionally, both diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter at root collar (DRC) showed positive trends, although the effects were not statistically significant (ANOVA, p > 0.05). Conversely, pruning intensities exceeding 60% exhibited adverse effects on the tree metrics. Our results also highlight the importance of pruning intensities in regulating understory vegetation, soil nutrient dynamics, and the carbon storage capacity of junipers. Notably, moderate pruning demonstrates positive impacts on living carbon biomass (LCB) and on soil organic carbon (SOC) density. In conclusion, adopting moderate-intensity pruning techniques with standard scientific measures could be an effective strategy, not only for improving the structural parameters and carbon budgets amid changing climate conditions but also for ensuring long-term economic advantages in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-675f2e2ac2d04e188f4b6f84d410436e2025-08-20T02:07:56ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-06-0113e1918410.7717/peerj.19184Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?Nasir Ud Din0Nasrullah Khan1Rafi Ullah2Mohammad K. Okla3Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud4Ibrahim A. Saleh5Hashem A. Abu-Harirah6Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh7Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Dr. Khan Shaheed Govt: Degree College Kabal Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Sciences, Zarqa Universty, Zarqa, JordanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JordanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JordanJuniperus species play a crucial role in the ecological dynamics of the eastern Hindu Kush region in Pakistan, growing either as mono-specific stands or co-occurring in species-poor communities on mountainous scree slopes, as well as near agricultural and residential areas. Despite their limited population, these trees offer a diverse range of ecosystem services, emphasizing the intricate interdependence between human and natural ecosystems. Given their ecological and commercial importance, local people employ silvicultural practices, such as pruning, to ensure sustainable management. The present study, therefore, aimed to assess conventional pruning practices in the region to understand their impacts on stand structure and ecological productivity. The findings indicated that pruning at an intensity of 30–40% was particularly effective, significantly enhancing dendrometric and reproductive traits, such as height, growth rates, and the production of viable seeds (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Additionally, both diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter at root collar (DRC) showed positive trends, although the effects were not statistically significant (ANOVA, p > 0.05). Conversely, pruning intensities exceeding 60% exhibited adverse effects on the tree metrics. Our results also highlight the importance of pruning intensities in regulating understory vegetation, soil nutrient dynamics, and the carbon storage capacity of junipers. Notably, moderate pruning demonstrates positive impacts on living carbon biomass (LCB) and on soil organic carbon (SOC) density. In conclusion, adopting moderate-intensity pruning techniques with standard scientific measures could be an effective strategy, not only for improving the structural parameters and carbon budgets amid changing climate conditions but also for ensuring long-term economic advantages in the region.https://peerj.com/articles/19184.pdfJuniperPruningDendrometricCarbon biomassCO2 sequestrationHindu Kush mountains
spellingShingle Nasir Ud Din
Nasrullah Khan
Rafi Ullah
Mohammad K. Okla
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
Ibrahim A. Saleh
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
PeerJ
Juniper
Pruning
Dendrometric
Carbon biomass
CO2 sequestration
Hindu Kush mountains
title Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
title_full Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
title_fullStr Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
title_full_unstemmed Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
title_short Does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of Juniper woodlands in the eastern Hindu Kush?
title_sort does pruning affect the structural and ecological productivity of juniper woodlands in the eastern hindu kush
topic Juniper
Pruning
Dendrometric
Carbon biomass
CO2 sequestration
Hindu Kush mountains
url https://peerj.com/articles/19184.pdf
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