Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development

Abstract The placenta is a vital organ for fetal development, providing structural support and mediating both nutrient exchange and maternal–fetal immune interactions. However, there are many aspects of murine placental development, which are used as a model organism, that are not fully understood c...

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Main Authors: Xinyi Man, Noriyoshi Usui, Miyuki Doi, Shoichi Shimada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10476-2
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author Xinyi Man
Noriyoshi Usui
Miyuki Doi
Shoichi Shimada
author_facet Xinyi Man
Noriyoshi Usui
Miyuki Doi
Shoichi Shimada
author_sort Xinyi Man
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The placenta is a vital organ for fetal development, providing structural support and mediating both nutrient exchange and maternal–fetal immune interactions. However, there are many aspects of murine placental development, which are used as a model organism, that are not fully understood compared to humans. In this study, we examined sex differences in placental development in ICR mice, a commonly used outbred strain, by analyzing the junctional zone (JZ) and labyrinth (LAB) from embryonic day (E) 8.5 to E18.5. At E14.5, the JZ area and its proportion relative to the total placental area (JZ + LAB) were significantly larger in females than in males. Consistently, expression levels of JZ-associated genes were also higher in female placentas at this stage. In contrast, such sex differences in placental morphology and gene expression were not observed in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that observed features are unique to the ICR strain. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a female-biased expansion of the JZ in ICR mice at mid-gestation and underscore the presence of strain-specific patterns in sex-dependent placental development.
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spelling doaj-art-675baa837db64b009e6cf63e4ec3458c2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-10476-2Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic developmentXinyi Man0Noriyoshi Usui1Miyuki Doi2Shoichi Shimada3Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of OsakaDepartment of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of OsakaDepartment of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of OsakaDepartment of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of OsakaAbstract The placenta is a vital organ for fetal development, providing structural support and mediating both nutrient exchange and maternal–fetal immune interactions. However, there are many aspects of murine placental development, which are used as a model organism, that are not fully understood compared to humans. In this study, we examined sex differences in placental development in ICR mice, a commonly used outbred strain, by analyzing the junctional zone (JZ) and labyrinth (LAB) from embryonic day (E) 8.5 to E18.5. At E14.5, the JZ area and its proportion relative to the total placental area (JZ + LAB) were significantly larger in females than in males. Consistently, expression levels of JZ-associated genes were also higher in female placentas at this stage. In contrast, such sex differences in placental morphology and gene expression were not observed in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that observed features are unique to the ICR strain. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a female-biased expansion of the JZ in ICR mice at mid-gestation and underscore the presence of strain-specific patterns in sex-dependent placental development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10476-2Sex differencePlacental developmentDeciduaJunctional zoneLabyrinthTrophoblast
spellingShingle Xinyi Man
Noriyoshi Usui
Miyuki Doi
Shoichi Shimada
Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
Scientific Reports
Sex difference
Placental development
Decidua
Junctional zone
Labyrinth
Trophoblast
title Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
title_full Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
title_fullStr Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
title_full_unstemmed Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
title_short Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development
title_sort sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in icr mice during embryonic development
topic Sex difference
Placental development
Decidua
Junctional zone
Labyrinth
Trophoblast
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10476-2
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AT noriyoshiusui sexdifferencesinplacentalstructureandgeneexpressioninicrmiceduringembryonicdevelopment
AT miyukidoi sexdifferencesinplacentalstructureandgeneexpressioninicrmiceduringembryonicdevelopment
AT shoichishimada sexdifferencesinplacentalstructureandgeneexpressioninicrmiceduringembryonicdevelopment