COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances

Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) represent a population particularly vulnerable to infections due to their cancer-related immune deficiency and the immunosuppressive treatment they are administered. Accordingly, a high hospitalization and mortality rate has been consistently reported in s...

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Main Authors: Massimo Franchini, Fabrizio Maggi, Daniele Focosi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/465
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author Massimo Franchini
Fabrizio Maggi
Daniele Focosi
author_facet Massimo Franchini
Fabrizio Maggi
Daniele Focosi
author_sort Massimo Franchini
collection DOAJ
description Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) represent a population particularly vulnerable to infections due to their cancer-related immune deficiency and the immunosuppressive treatment they are administered. Accordingly, a high hospitalization and mortality rate has been consistently reported in such a frail population during the first COVID-19 pandemic waves. After a brief description of the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with blood cancers, this narrative review is focused on the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with HM. All in all, the results from the literature analysis indicate that booster shots in fully vaccinated HM patients are significantly able to increase seroconversion rates, which represent the best surrogate of vaccine efficacy. Despite these encouraging data, concerns still remain regarding the lower immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, even to booster doses, in severely immunosuppressed HM patients, such as those receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
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spelling doaj-art-6743d00ba7bc46edad3556f184fe33632025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-04-0113546510.3390/vaccines13050465COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological MalignancesMassimo Franchini0Fabrizio Maggi1Daniele Focosi2Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Carlo Poma Hospital, 46100 Mantua, ItalyNational Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyNorth-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, ItalyPatients with hematologic malignancies (HM) represent a population particularly vulnerable to infections due to their cancer-related immune deficiency and the immunosuppressive treatment they are administered. Accordingly, a high hospitalization and mortality rate has been consistently reported in such a frail population during the first COVID-19 pandemic waves. After a brief description of the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with blood cancers, this narrative review is focused on the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with HM. All in all, the results from the literature analysis indicate that booster shots in fully vaccinated HM patients are significantly able to increase seroconversion rates, which represent the best surrogate of vaccine efficacy. Despite these encouraging data, concerns still remain regarding the lower immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, even to booster doses, in severely immunosuppressed HM patients, such as those receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/465hematological malignancySARS-CoV-2COVID-19vaccinationmortality
spellingShingle Massimo Franchini
Fabrizio Maggi
Daniele Focosi
COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
Vaccines
hematological malignancy
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
vaccination
mortality
title COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
title_full COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
title_fullStr COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
title_short COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances
title_sort covid 19 vaccination in patients with hematological malignances
topic hematological malignancy
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
vaccination
mortality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/465
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AT danielefocosi covid19vaccinationinpatientswithhematologicalmalignances