Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial cells that secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and VEGF, leading to retinal damage and vision loss. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is a compound that can reduce inflammatory responses by inducing high levels of...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Peng-Hsiang Fang Tzu-Yu Lin Chiu-Chen Huang Yung-Chang Lin Cheng-Hung Lai Bill Cheng |
| author_facet | Peng-Hsiang Fang Tzu-Yu Lin Chiu-Chen Huang Yung-Chang Lin Cheng-Hung Lai Bill Cheng |
| author_sort | Peng-Hsiang Fang |
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| description | Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial cells that secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and VEGF, leading to retinal damage and vision loss. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is a compound that can reduce inflammatory responses by inducing high levels of HO-1. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of CoPP were examined in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in culture media containing either 5.5 mM (NG) or 25 mM (HG) glucose, with or without the addition of 0.1 µM CoPP. Protein expressions in samples were determined by either Western blotting or immunostaining. A Seahorse metabolic analyzer was used to assess the impact of CoPP treatment on mitochondrial respiration in ARPE-19 cells in NG or HG media. ARPE-19 cells cultured in NG media displayed different cell morphology than those cultured in HG media. CoPP treatment induced high HO-1 expressions and significantly enhanced the viability of ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. Moreover, CoPP significantly downregulated expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers and significantly upregulated mitochondrial respiration in APRPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. CoPP treatment significantly enhanced cell viability in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. The treatment also downregulated the expressions of pro-inflammatory and upregulated mitochondrial respiration in the hyperglycemic cells. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-6741aa5931c44869965b7c01f2bf3ade2025-01-24T13:19:27ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011419210.3390/antiox14010092Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial CellsPeng-Hsiang Fang0Tzu-Yu Lin1Chiu-Chen Huang2Yung-Chang Lin3Cheng-Hung Lai4Bill Cheng5Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 413, TaiwanDepartment of Animal Health, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDiabetic retinopathy is characterized by hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial cells that secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and VEGF, leading to retinal damage and vision loss. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is a compound that can reduce inflammatory responses by inducing high levels of HO-1. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of CoPP were examined in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in culture media containing either 5.5 mM (NG) or 25 mM (HG) glucose, with or without the addition of 0.1 µM CoPP. Protein expressions in samples were determined by either Western blotting or immunostaining. A Seahorse metabolic analyzer was used to assess the impact of CoPP treatment on mitochondrial respiration in ARPE-19 cells in NG or HG media. ARPE-19 cells cultured in NG media displayed different cell morphology than those cultured in HG media. CoPP treatment induced high HO-1 expressions and significantly enhanced the viability of ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. Moreover, CoPP significantly downregulated expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers and significantly upregulated mitochondrial respiration in APRPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. CoPP treatment significantly enhanced cell viability in ARPE-19 cells under hyperglycemia. The treatment also downregulated the expressions of pro-inflammatory and upregulated mitochondrial respiration in the hyperglycemic cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/92cobalt protoporphyrindiabetic retinopathyhyperglycemiaARPE-19mitochondria |
| spellingShingle | Peng-Hsiang Fang Tzu-Yu Lin Chiu-Chen Huang Yung-Chang Lin Cheng-Hung Lai Bill Cheng Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Antioxidants cobalt protoporphyrin diabetic retinopathy hyperglycemia ARPE-19 mitochondria |
| title | Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Cobalt Protoporphyrin Downregulates Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammation and Enhances Mitochondrial Respiration in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | cobalt protoporphyrin downregulates hyperglycemia induced inflammation and enhances mitochondrial respiration in retinal pigment epithelial cells |
| topic | cobalt protoporphyrin diabetic retinopathy hyperglycemia ARPE-19 mitochondria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/92 |
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