Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems

Abstract The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are deeply intertwined, and their coupling is critical to shaping ecosystem processes and land-atmosphere feedback. Understanding how the carbon-water coupling (CWC) changes, which remains rarely explored, is essential for predicting eco-hydrological...

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Main Authors: Fubo Zhao, Wenbo Shi, Jingfeng Xiao, Meng Zhao, Xing Li, Yiping Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01059-z
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author Fubo Zhao
Wenbo Shi
Jingfeng Xiao
Meng Zhao
Xing Li
Yiping Wu
author_facet Fubo Zhao
Wenbo Shi
Jingfeng Xiao
Meng Zhao
Xing Li
Yiping Wu
author_sort Fubo Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are deeply intertwined, and their coupling is critical to shaping ecosystem processes and land-atmosphere feedback. Understanding how the carbon-water coupling (CWC) changes, which remains rarely explored, is essential for predicting eco-hydrological responses to climate change. Here, using data from eddy covariance towers and remote sensing, we demonstrate a substantial decline in the CWC strength—measured as the correlation between gross primary production and evapotranspiration—across northern ecosystems over the past two decades. This weakening is primarily driven by rising CO₂ levels, with temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation playing secondary roles. Land surface models in the TRENDY project fail to capture this weakening synchronization, primarily due to their inadequate representation of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. The weakening of this synchronous variation between water and carbon may signify that the ecosystems are reshaping their eco-hydrological balances across the Northern Hemisphere.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2397-3722
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-673f31d694cd44aba987a03f6b35864c2025-08-20T02:10:49ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-04-018111010.1038/s41612-025-01059-zRecent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystemsFubo Zhao0Wenbo Shi1Jingfeng Xiao2Meng Zhao3Xing Li4Yiping Wu5Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityInstitute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityEarth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New HampshireDepartment of Earth and Spatial Sciences, University of IdahoSchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen UniversityInstitute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are deeply intertwined, and their coupling is critical to shaping ecosystem processes and land-atmosphere feedback. Understanding how the carbon-water coupling (CWC) changes, which remains rarely explored, is essential for predicting eco-hydrological responses to climate change. Here, using data from eddy covariance towers and remote sensing, we demonstrate a substantial decline in the CWC strength—measured as the correlation between gross primary production and evapotranspiration—across northern ecosystems over the past two decades. This weakening is primarily driven by rising CO₂ levels, with temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation playing secondary roles. Land surface models in the TRENDY project fail to capture this weakening synchronization, primarily due to their inadequate representation of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. The weakening of this synchronous variation between water and carbon may signify that the ecosystems are reshaping their eco-hydrological balances across the Northern Hemisphere.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01059-z
spellingShingle Fubo Zhao
Wenbo Shi
Jingfeng Xiao
Meng Zhao
Xing Li
Yiping Wu
Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
title_full Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
title_fullStr Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
title_short Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems
title_sort recent weakening of carbon water coupling in northern ecosystems
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01059-z
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AT wenboshi recentweakeningofcarbonwatercouplinginnorthernecosystems
AT jingfengxiao recentweakeningofcarbonwatercouplinginnorthernecosystems
AT mengzhao recentweakeningofcarbonwatercouplinginnorthernecosystems
AT xingli recentweakeningofcarbonwatercouplinginnorthernecosystems
AT yipingwu recentweakeningofcarbonwatercouplinginnorthernecosystems