Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair

Pelvic organ prolapse impacts an increasing number of women in the United States. The standard approach to correcting apical pelvic organ prolapse uses the sacral anterior longitudinal ligament (SALL) to lift the vaginal apex; however, this approach may result in recurrent prolapse. A newer procedur...

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Main Authors: Micaela Motzko, Makayla M. Swancutt, Edwin Glueck, Brandalynn Holland, Anna Stock, Zubeen Azari, Elif Diricanli, Jennifer F. Dennis, Melissa Zolnierz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Anatomia
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0545/3/4/20
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author Micaela Motzko
Makayla M. Swancutt
Edwin Glueck
Brandalynn Holland
Anna Stock
Zubeen Azari
Elif Diricanli
Jennifer F. Dennis
Melissa Zolnierz
author_facet Micaela Motzko
Makayla M. Swancutt
Edwin Glueck
Brandalynn Holland
Anna Stock
Zubeen Azari
Elif Diricanli
Jennifer F. Dennis
Melissa Zolnierz
author_sort Micaela Motzko
collection DOAJ
description Pelvic organ prolapse impacts an increasing number of women in the United States. The standard approach to correcting apical pelvic organ prolapse uses the sacral anterior longitudinal ligament (SALL) to lift the vaginal apex; however, this approach may result in recurrent prolapse. A newer procedure utilizes the pectineal ligament (PL), which may be a more reliable anchor point. This study compares the biomechanical properties of these two ligaments to elucidate which can withstand more stress to provide long-term stability following prolapse. Seventeen formalin-embalmed donors were used (PL: 17 right, 16 left; SALL, 15). The PL was evaluated to better characterize the ligament’s properties within the pelvis using digital calipers and descriptive statistics. Mean values were statistically evaluated using an independent <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i> = 0.05) but no differences in laterality were appreciable. The PL and SALL samples were harvested and evaluated using a mechanical tester to determine their force at failure (N), toughness (Jm<sup>−2</sup>), and elastic modulus (MPa). The PL had increased values in the mean force at failure and toughness than the SALL when evaluated by each side as well as a combined mean value. These differences were statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.05) for toughness as evaluated using an independent <i>t</i>-test (right, <i>p</i> = 0.004; left, <i>p</i> = 0.005; combined, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and force at failure [right, <i>p</i> = 0.001 (independent <i>t</i>-test); left, <i>p</i> = 0.004 and combined, <i>p</i> = 0.005 (Mann–Whitney U test)], indicating that the PL may permit more deformation, but greater resistance to catastrophic failure as compared to the SALL. When evaluating any statistical differences in modulus, the individual and combined values were increased for the PL as compared to the SALL but were not significant (right, <i>p</i> = 0.290; left, <i>p</i> = 0.143; combined, <i>p</i> = 0.110) suggesting a stiffer material that may be more prone to catastrophic failure once a tear has begun. Collectively, these inherent biomechanical properties of the pectineal ligament indicate the ligament may be a more reliable anchor point for pelvic organ prolapse repair than the SALL.
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spelling doaj-art-672e80d0ae314df5aafbaaea4c7983ef2025-08-20T02:55:31ZengMDPI AGAnatomia2813-05452024-10-013423424310.3390/anatomia3040020Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse RepairMicaela Motzko0Makayla M. Swancutt1Edwin Glueck2Brandalynn Holland3Anna Stock4Zubeen Azari5Elif Diricanli6Jennifer F. Dennis7Melissa Zolnierz8College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 2901 St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MI 64804, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MI 64113, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 2901 St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MI 64804, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 2901 St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MI 64804, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MI 64113, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MI 64113, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 2901 St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MI 64804, USADepartment of Academic Affairs, Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas Health Science University, Wichita, KS 67202, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 2901 St. John’s Boulevard, Joplin, MI 64804, USAPelvic organ prolapse impacts an increasing number of women in the United States. The standard approach to correcting apical pelvic organ prolapse uses the sacral anterior longitudinal ligament (SALL) to lift the vaginal apex; however, this approach may result in recurrent prolapse. A newer procedure utilizes the pectineal ligament (PL), which may be a more reliable anchor point. This study compares the biomechanical properties of these two ligaments to elucidate which can withstand more stress to provide long-term stability following prolapse. Seventeen formalin-embalmed donors were used (PL: 17 right, 16 left; SALL, 15). The PL was evaluated to better characterize the ligament’s properties within the pelvis using digital calipers and descriptive statistics. Mean values were statistically evaluated using an independent <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i> = 0.05) but no differences in laterality were appreciable. The PL and SALL samples were harvested and evaluated using a mechanical tester to determine their force at failure (N), toughness (Jm<sup>−2</sup>), and elastic modulus (MPa). The PL had increased values in the mean force at failure and toughness than the SALL when evaluated by each side as well as a combined mean value. These differences were statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.05) for toughness as evaluated using an independent <i>t</i>-test (right, <i>p</i> = 0.004; left, <i>p</i> = 0.005; combined, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and force at failure [right, <i>p</i> = 0.001 (independent <i>t</i>-test); left, <i>p</i> = 0.004 and combined, <i>p</i> = 0.005 (Mann–Whitney U test)], indicating that the PL may permit more deformation, but greater resistance to catastrophic failure as compared to the SALL. When evaluating any statistical differences in modulus, the individual and combined values were increased for the PL as compared to the SALL but were not significant (right, <i>p</i> = 0.290; left, <i>p</i> = 0.143; combined, <i>p</i> = 0.110) suggesting a stiffer material that may be more prone to catastrophic failure once a tear has begun. Collectively, these inherent biomechanical properties of the pectineal ligament indicate the ligament may be a more reliable anchor point for pelvic organ prolapse repair than the SALL.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0545/3/4/20iliopectineal ligamentapical pelvic organ prolapsebiomechanical properties
spellingShingle Micaela Motzko
Makayla M. Swancutt
Edwin Glueck
Brandalynn Holland
Anna Stock
Zubeen Azari
Elif Diricanli
Jennifer F. Dennis
Melissa Zolnierz
Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
Anatomia
iliopectineal ligament
apical pelvic organ prolapse
biomechanical properties
title Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
title_full Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
title_fullStr Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
title_short Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of the Pectineal Ligament Support Its Reliability for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair
title_sort enhanced biomechanical properties of the pectineal ligament support its reliability for apical pelvic organ prolapse repair
topic iliopectineal ligament
apical pelvic organ prolapse
biomechanical properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0545/3/4/20
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