Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients

Abstract Purpose To translate and culturally adapt the Taste and Smell Survey (TSS) in Chinese for cancer patients and assess its reliability and validity, and to provide a reference for clinical professionals to evaluate taste and smell alterations (TSAs) in cancer patients. Methods With authorizat...

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Main Authors: Haixin Liang, Qing Yang, Li Yin, Huarong Pang, Enmei Jiu, Bin Li, Lei Qin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14479-0
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author Haixin Liang
Qing Yang
Li Yin
Huarong Pang
Enmei Jiu
Bin Li
Lei Qin
author_facet Haixin Liang
Qing Yang
Li Yin
Huarong Pang
Enmei Jiu
Bin Li
Lei Qin
author_sort Haixin Liang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose To translate and culturally adapt the Taste and Smell Survey (TSS) in Chinese for cancer patients and assess its reliability and validity, and to provide a reference for clinical professionals to evaluate taste and smell alterations (TSAs) in cancer patients. Methods With authorization from the original authors, the survey was translated and back-translated following the standard procedure to generate the Chinese version of the TSS. 271 patients were enrolled from a tertiary hospital in China under treatment between January 2023 and February 2024 using a convenience sampling method for reliability and validity testing of the translated scale. Results The overall Cronbach’s α for the Chinese version of the TSS was 0.872. Cronbach’s α for individual items ranged from 0.844 to 0.897. Content Validity Indices (I-CVI) for individual items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the Average Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.972. All indices calculated in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were presented as follows: χ²/df = 3.446, the Goodness-of-fit Index (GFI) = 0.902, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.946, the Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.946, the Tucker‒Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.930, the Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.054, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.095. All of the above results indicated good validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the TSS. Conclusion The study has confirmed that the Chinese version of the TSS is a concise and effective tool that is easy to administer and demonstrates strong scientific quality, reliability, validity, and feasibility. It is expected to help clinical professionals provide evidence-based interventions related to TSAs in cancer patients undergoing treatments in the Chinese cultural context.
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spelling doaj-art-66e9c433404f4ff293dc976c4b72f4c22025-08-20T04:01:34ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-07-0125111110.1186/s12885-025-14479-0Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patientsHaixin Liang0Qing Yang1Li Yin2Huarong Pang3Enmei Jiu4Bin Li5Lei Qin6Department of Comprehensive Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaRadiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Head and Neck Radiotherapy Department 3, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Comprehensive Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Comprehensive Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Comprehensive Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHospital Administration Office, Cheng Fei HospitalAbstract Purpose To translate and culturally adapt the Taste and Smell Survey (TSS) in Chinese for cancer patients and assess its reliability and validity, and to provide a reference for clinical professionals to evaluate taste and smell alterations (TSAs) in cancer patients. Methods With authorization from the original authors, the survey was translated and back-translated following the standard procedure to generate the Chinese version of the TSS. 271 patients were enrolled from a tertiary hospital in China under treatment between January 2023 and February 2024 using a convenience sampling method for reliability and validity testing of the translated scale. Results The overall Cronbach’s α for the Chinese version of the TSS was 0.872. Cronbach’s α for individual items ranged from 0.844 to 0.897. Content Validity Indices (I-CVI) for individual items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the Average Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.972. All indices calculated in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were presented as follows: χ²/df = 3.446, the Goodness-of-fit Index (GFI) = 0.902, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.946, the Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.946, the Tucker‒Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.930, the Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.054, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.095. All of the above results indicated good validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the TSS. Conclusion The study has confirmed that the Chinese version of the TSS is a concise and effective tool that is easy to administer and demonstrates strong scientific quality, reliability, validity, and feasibility. It is expected to help clinical professionals provide evidence-based interventions related to TSAs in cancer patients undergoing treatments in the Chinese cultural context.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14479-0TasteSmellValidationSurveyScale development
spellingShingle Haixin Liang
Qing Yang
Li Yin
Huarong Pang
Enmei Jiu
Bin Li
Lei Qin
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
BMC Cancer
Taste
Smell
Validation
Survey
Scale development
title Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
title_full Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
title_fullStr Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
title_full_unstemmed Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
title_short Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
title_sort cross cultural adaptation and validation of the chinese version of the taste and smell survey for cancer patients
topic Taste
Smell
Validation
Survey
Scale development
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14479-0
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AT qingyang crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients
AT liyin crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients
AT huarongpang crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients
AT enmeijiu crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients
AT binli crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients
AT leiqin crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthechineseversionofthetasteandsmellsurveyforcancerpatients