A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review

ABSTRACT Objective Mammalian Diaphanous‐Related Formin (mDia1), which is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene, serves as essential for the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The role of DIAPH1 in brain development has been extensively established. This study aims to evaluate the clin...

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Main Authors: Emran Esmaeilzadeh, Sajjad Biglari, Meysam Mosallaei, Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-11-01
Series:Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.70031
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author Emran Esmaeilzadeh
Sajjad Biglari
Meysam Mosallaei
Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
Hassan Vahidnezhad
Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
author_facet Emran Esmaeilzadeh
Sajjad Biglari
Meysam Mosallaei
Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
Hassan Vahidnezhad
Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
author_sort Emran Esmaeilzadeh
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective Mammalian Diaphanous‐Related Formin (mDia1), which is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene, serves as essential for the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The role of DIAPH1 in brain development has been extensively established. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic characteristics of patients with DIAPH1‐related disease and determine probable genotype–phenotype relationships. Methods In the current study, exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic basis of the clinical presentation in an Iranian 7‐year‐old boy. Validation of the detected variant was done by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature. Results Here, we detected a novel homozygous c.1285C> T (p.Gln429*) pathogenic variant in the patient. In silico analysis with prediction software tools identified this variant as a probable source of damage. Twenty cases from seven studies were found after a review of the literature. The patients' main symptoms were a developmental delay, microcephaly, and seizures. The mean age of onset for patients in the group of 20 patients with a known age of onset was 2.3 months (SD = 1.6). Of the variants identified, c.2769del, c.684+1G>A, and c.2332C> T were identified in 72% of the patients. Conclusion Considering the variant's position in the gene and the encoding protein, a pathogenic effect is predicted for the variant. So, the patient's clinical manifestation is probably caused by this pathogenic variant. Moreover, by studying clinical manifestations in all molecularly confirmed reported cases, provided a comprehensive overview of clinical presentation, and attempted to find a genotype–phenotype correlation.
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spelling doaj-art-66c7a0802f3d4e8a93f536720d4954cb2025-08-20T02:27:57ZengWileyMolecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine2324-92692024-11-011211n/an/a10.1002/mgg3.70031A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature ReviewEmran Esmaeilzadeh0Sajjad Biglari1Meysam Mosallaei2Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid3Hassan Vahidnezhad4Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar5Fetal Health Research Center Hope Generation Foundation Tehran IranDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan IranFetal Health Research Center Hope Generation Foundation Tehran IranGenetics Research Center University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science Tehran IranCenter for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USADepartment of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan IranABSTRACT Objective Mammalian Diaphanous‐Related Formin (mDia1), which is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene, serves as essential for the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. The role of DIAPH1 in brain development has been extensively established. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, neuroradiological, and genetic characteristics of patients with DIAPH1‐related disease and determine probable genotype–phenotype relationships. Methods In the current study, exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic basis of the clinical presentation in an Iranian 7‐year‐old boy. Validation of the detected variant was done by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature. Results Here, we detected a novel homozygous c.1285C> T (p.Gln429*) pathogenic variant in the patient. In silico analysis with prediction software tools identified this variant as a probable source of damage. Twenty cases from seven studies were found after a review of the literature. The patients' main symptoms were a developmental delay, microcephaly, and seizures. The mean age of onset for patients in the group of 20 patients with a known age of onset was 2.3 months (SD = 1.6). Of the variants identified, c.2769del, c.684+1G>A, and c.2332C> T were identified in 72% of the patients. Conclusion Considering the variant's position in the gene and the encoding protein, a pathogenic effect is predicted for the variant. So, the patient's clinical manifestation is probably caused by this pathogenic variant. Moreover, by studying clinical manifestations in all molecularly confirmed reported cases, provided a comprehensive overview of clinical presentation, and attempted to find a genotype–phenotype correlation.https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.70031DIAPH1exome sequencingmicrocephalySCBMS
spellingShingle Emran Esmaeilzadeh
Sajjad Biglari
Meysam Mosallaei
Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
Hassan Vahidnezhad
Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
DIAPH1
exome sequencing
microcephaly
SCBMS
title A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
title_full A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
title_fullStr A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
title_short A Novel Homozygote Pathogenic Variant in the DIAPH1 Gene Associated With Seizures, Cortical Blindness, and Microcephaly Syndrome (SCBMS): Report of a Family and Literature Review
title_sort novel homozygote pathogenic variant in the diaph1 gene associated with seizures cortical blindness and microcephaly syndrome scbms report of a family and literature review
topic DIAPH1
exome sequencing
microcephaly
SCBMS
url https://doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.70031
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