Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety

Access to safe water and food is a critical issue in sub-Saharan Africa, where microbial contamination poses significant health risks. Conventional water treatment and food preservation methods have limitations in addressing water safety, particularly for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other path...

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Main Authors: Boniface Oure Obong’o, Fredrick Onyango Ogutu, Shauna Kathleen Hurley, Gertrude Maisiba Okiko, Jennifer Mahony
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1897
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author Boniface Oure Obong’o
Fredrick Onyango Ogutu
Shauna Kathleen Hurley
Gertrude Maisiba Okiko
Jennifer Mahony
author_facet Boniface Oure Obong’o
Fredrick Onyango Ogutu
Shauna Kathleen Hurley
Gertrude Maisiba Okiko
Jennifer Mahony
author_sort Boniface Oure Obong’o
collection DOAJ
description Access to safe water and food is a critical issue in sub-Saharan Africa, where microbial contamination poses significant health risks. Conventional water treatment and food preservation methods have limitations in addressing water safety, particularly for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. This review explores the potential application of bacteriophages as an innovative solution for water treatment and food safety in the region. Bacteriophages specifically infect bacteria and offer a targeted approach to reducing bacterial load, including multidrug-resistant strains, without the drawbacks of chemical disinfectants. This review also highlights the advantages of phage bioremediation, including its specificity, adaptability, and minimal environmental impact. It also discusses various case studies demonstrating its efficacy in different water systems. Additionally, we underscore the need for further research and the development of region-specific phage applications to improve water quality and public health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. By integrating bacteriophage strategies into water treatment and food production, the region can address critical microbial threats, mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and advance global efforts toward ensuring safe water for all.
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spelling doaj-art-66c64a8c4cc54868b5ac8ce14503d7fc2025-08-20T02:01:15ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011612189710.3390/v16121897Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its SafetyBoniface Oure Obong’o0Fredrick Onyango Ogutu1Shauna Kathleen Hurley2Gertrude Maisiba Okiko3Jennifer Mahony4Food Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30650-00100, KenyaFood Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30650-00100, KenyaAPC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, IrelandFood Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30650-00100, KenyaAPC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, IrelandAccess to safe water and food is a critical issue in sub-Saharan Africa, where microbial contamination poses significant health risks. Conventional water treatment and food preservation methods have limitations in addressing water safety, particularly for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. This review explores the potential application of bacteriophages as an innovative solution for water treatment and food safety in the region. Bacteriophages specifically infect bacteria and offer a targeted approach to reducing bacterial load, including multidrug-resistant strains, without the drawbacks of chemical disinfectants. This review also highlights the advantages of phage bioremediation, including its specificity, adaptability, and minimal environmental impact. It also discusses various case studies demonstrating its efficacy in different water systems. Additionally, we underscore the need for further research and the development of region-specific phage applications to improve water quality and public health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. By integrating bacteriophage strategies into water treatment and food production, the region can address critical microbial threats, mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and advance global efforts toward ensuring safe water for all.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1897bacteriophageswater treatmentantimicrobial resistancewater qualityfood safetysub-Saharan Africa
spellingShingle Boniface Oure Obong’o
Fredrick Onyango Ogutu
Shauna Kathleen Hurley
Gertrude Maisiba Okiko
Jennifer Mahony
Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
Viruses
bacteriophages
water treatment
antimicrobial resistance
water quality
food safety
sub-Saharan Africa
title Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
title_full Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
title_fullStr Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
title_short Exploring the Microbial Ecology of Water in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Potential of Bacteriophages in Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment to Improve Its Safety
title_sort exploring the microbial ecology of water in sub saharan africa and the potential of bacteriophages in water quality monitoring and treatment to improve its safety
topic bacteriophages
water treatment
antimicrobial resistance
water quality
food safety
sub-Saharan Africa
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1897
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