Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo

Abstract Probing endogenous protein localization and function in vivo remains challenging due to laborious gene targeting and monofunctional alleles. Here, we develop a multifunctional and adaptable toolkit based on genetically encoded affinity reagents (GEARs). GEARs use small epitopes recognized b...

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Main Authors: Curtis W. Boswell, Caroline Hoppe, Alice Sherrard, Liyun Miao, Mina L. Kojima, Pieter Martino, Ning Zhao, Timothy J. Stasevich, Stefania Nicoli, Antonio J. Giraldez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61003-w
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author Curtis W. Boswell
Caroline Hoppe
Alice Sherrard
Liyun Miao
Mina L. Kojima
Pieter Martino
Ning Zhao
Timothy J. Stasevich
Stefania Nicoli
Antonio J. Giraldez
author_facet Curtis W. Boswell
Caroline Hoppe
Alice Sherrard
Liyun Miao
Mina L. Kojima
Pieter Martino
Ning Zhao
Timothy J. Stasevich
Stefania Nicoli
Antonio J. Giraldez
author_sort Curtis W. Boswell
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Probing endogenous protein localization and function in vivo remains challenging due to laborious gene targeting and monofunctional alleles. Here, we develop a multifunctional and adaptable toolkit based on genetically encoded affinity reagents (GEARs). GEARs use small epitopes recognized by nanobodies and single chain variable fragments to enable fluorescent visualization, manipulation and degradation of protein targets in vivo. Furthermore, we outline a CRISPR/Cas9-based epitope tagging pipeline to demonstrate its utility for producing knock-in alleles that have broad applications. We use GEARs to examine the native behavior of the pioneer transcription factor Nanog and the planar cell polarity protein Vangl2 during early zebrafish development. Together, this toolkit provides a versatile system for probing and perturbing endogenous protein function while circumventing challenges associated with conventional gene targeting and is broadly available to the model organism community.
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spelling doaj-art-66bc6b1c6d0e40caae87ed6172ab24c22025-08-20T03:37:37ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116112010.1038/s41467-025-61003-wGenetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivoCurtis W. Boswell0Caroline Hoppe1Alice Sherrard2Liyun Miao3Mina L. Kojima4Pieter Martino5Ning Zhao6Timothy J. Stasevich7Stefania Nicoli8Antonio J. Giraldez9Department of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical CampusDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State UniversityDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineDepartment of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineAbstract Probing endogenous protein localization and function in vivo remains challenging due to laborious gene targeting and monofunctional alleles. Here, we develop a multifunctional and adaptable toolkit based on genetically encoded affinity reagents (GEARs). GEARs use small epitopes recognized by nanobodies and single chain variable fragments to enable fluorescent visualization, manipulation and degradation of protein targets in vivo. Furthermore, we outline a CRISPR/Cas9-based epitope tagging pipeline to demonstrate its utility for producing knock-in alleles that have broad applications. We use GEARs to examine the native behavior of the pioneer transcription factor Nanog and the planar cell polarity protein Vangl2 during early zebrafish development. Together, this toolkit provides a versatile system for probing and perturbing endogenous protein function while circumventing challenges associated with conventional gene targeting and is broadly available to the model organism community.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61003-w
spellingShingle Curtis W. Boswell
Caroline Hoppe
Alice Sherrard
Liyun Miao
Mina L. Kojima
Pieter Martino
Ning Zhao
Timothy J. Stasevich
Stefania Nicoli
Antonio J. Giraldez
Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
Nature Communications
title Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
title_full Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
title_fullStr Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
title_full_unstemmed Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
title_short Genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
title_sort genetically encoded affinity reagents are a toolkit for visualizing and manipulating endogenous protein function in vivo
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61003-w
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