A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
<h4>Background</h4>Children with medically complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have high risk of inpatient mortality. Diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, and refeeding syndrome may contribute to early mortality and delayed recovery. We tested the hypothesis that a lactose-free,...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002747 |
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| author | Robert H J Bandsma Wieger Voskuijl Emmanuel Chimwezi Greg Fegan André Briend Johnstone Thitiri Moses Ngari Laura Mwalekwa Victor Bandika Rehema Ali Fauzat Hamid Betty Owor Neema Mturi Isabel Potani Benjamin Allubha Anneke C Muller Kobold Rosalie H Bartels Christian J Versloot Marjon Feenstra Deborah A van den Brink Patrick F van Rheenen Marko Kerac Celine Bourdon James A Berkley |
| author_facet | Robert H J Bandsma Wieger Voskuijl Emmanuel Chimwezi Greg Fegan André Briend Johnstone Thitiri Moses Ngari Laura Mwalekwa Victor Bandika Rehema Ali Fauzat Hamid Betty Owor Neema Mturi Isabel Potani Benjamin Allubha Anneke C Muller Kobold Rosalie H Bartels Christian J Versloot Marjon Feenstra Deborah A van den Brink Patrick F van Rheenen Marko Kerac Celine Bourdon James A Berkley |
| author_sort | Robert H J Bandsma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Children with medically complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have high risk of inpatient mortality. Diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, and refeeding syndrome may contribute to early mortality and delayed recovery. We tested the hypothesis that a lactose-free, low-carbohydrate F75 milk would serve to limit these risks, thereby reducing the number of days in the stabilization phase.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>In a multicenter double-blind trial, hospitalized severely malnourished children were randomized to receive standard formula (F75) or isocaloric modified F75 (mF75) without lactose and with reduced carbohydrate. The primary endpoint was time to stabilization, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), with intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, diarrhea, and biochemical features of malabsorption and refeeding syndrome. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02246296). Four hundred eighteen and 425 severely malnourished children were randomized to F75 and mF75, respectively, with 516 (61%) enrolled in Kenya and 327 (39%) in Malawi. Children with a median age of 16 months were enrolled between 4 December 2014 and 24 December 2015. One hundred ninety-four (46%) children assigned to F75 and 188 (44%) to mF75 had diarrhea at admission. Median time to stabilization was 3 days (IQR 2-5 days), which was similar between randomized groups (0.23 [95% CI -0.13 to 0.60], P = 0.59). There was no evidence of effect modification by diarrhea at admission, age, edema, or HIV status. Thirty-six and 39 children died before stabilization in the F75 and in mF75 arm, respectively (P = 0.84). Cumulative days with diarrhea (P = 0.27), enteral (P = 0.42) or intravenous fluids (P = 0.19), other serious adverse events before stabilization, and serum and stool biochemistry at day 3 did not differ between groups. The main limitation was that the primary outcome of clinical stabilization was based on WHO guidelines, comprising clinical evidence of recovery from acute illness as well as metabolic stabilization evidenced by recovery of appetite.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Empirically treating hospitalized severely malnourished children during the stabilization phase with lactose-free, reduced-carbohydrate milk formula did not improve clinical outcomes. The biochemical analyses suggest that the lactose-free formulae may still exceed a carbohydrate load threshold for intestinal absorption, which may limit their usefulness in the context of complicated SAM.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02246296. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-66b6079dfd724ebf89e92ad056ad9f33 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1549-1277 1549-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-66b6079dfd724ebf89e92ad056ad9f332025-08-20T03:46:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762019-02-01162e100274710.1371/journal.pmed.1002747A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Robert H J BandsmaWieger VoskuijlEmmanuel ChimweziGreg FeganAndré BriendJohnstone ThitiriMoses NgariLaura MwalekwaVictor BandikaRehema AliFauzat HamidBetty OworNeema MturiIsabel PotaniBenjamin AllubhaAnneke C Muller KoboldRosalie H BartelsChristian J VerslootMarjon FeenstraDeborah A van den BrinkPatrick F van RheenenMarko KeracCeline BourdonJames A Berkley<h4>Background</h4>Children with medically complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have high risk of inpatient mortality. Diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, and refeeding syndrome may contribute to early mortality and delayed recovery. We tested the hypothesis that a lactose-free, low-carbohydrate F75 milk would serve to limit these risks, thereby reducing the number of days in the stabilization phase.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>In a multicenter double-blind trial, hospitalized severely malnourished children were randomized to receive standard formula (F75) or isocaloric modified F75 (mF75) without lactose and with reduced carbohydrate. The primary endpoint was time to stabilization, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), with intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, diarrhea, and biochemical features of malabsorption and refeeding syndrome. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02246296). Four hundred eighteen and 425 severely malnourished children were randomized to F75 and mF75, respectively, with 516 (61%) enrolled in Kenya and 327 (39%) in Malawi. Children with a median age of 16 months were enrolled between 4 December 2014 and 24 December 2015. One hundred ninety-four (46%) children assigned to F75 and 188 (44%) to mF75 had diarrhea at admission. Median time to stabilization was 3 days (IQR 2-5 days), which was similar between randomized groups (0.23 [95% CI -0.13 to 0.60], P = 0.59). There was no evidence of effect modification by diarrhea at admission, age, edema, or HIV status. Thirty-six and 39 children died before stabilization in the F75 and in mF75 arm, respectively (P = 0.84). Cumulative days with diarrhea (P = 0.27), enteral (P = 0.42) or intravenous fluids (P = 0.19), other serious adverse events before stabilization, and serum and stool biochemistry at day 3 did not differ between groups. The main limitation was that the primary outcome of clinical stabilization was based on WHO guidelines, comprising clinical evidence of recovery from acute illness as well as metabolic stabilization evidenced by recovery of appetite.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Empirically treating hospitalized severely malnourished children during the stabilization phase with lactose-free, reduced-carbohydrate milk formula did not improve clinical outcomes. The biochemical analyses suggest that the lactose-free formulae may still exceed a carbohydrate load threshold for intestinal absorption, which may limit their usefulness in the context of complicated SAM.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02246296.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002747 |
| spellingShingle | Robert H J Bandsma Wieger Voskuijl Emmanuel Chimwezi Greg Fegan André Briend Johnstone Thitiri Moses Ngari Laura Mwalekwa Victor Bandika Rehema Ali Fauzat Hamid Betty Owor Neema Mturi Isabel Potani Benjamin Allubha Anneke C Muller Kobold Rosalie H Bartels Christian J Versloot Marjon Feenstra Deborah A van den Brink Patrick F van Rheenen Marko Kerac Celine Bourdon James A Berkley A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PLoS Medicine |
| title | A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. |
| title_full | A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. |
| title_fullStr | A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. |
| title_short | A reduced-carbohydrate and lactose-free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. |
| title_sort | reduced carbohydrate and lactose free formulation for stabilization among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition a double blind randomized controlled trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002747 |
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