Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> GenBank<sup>®</sup> M21331 encodes for Antigen 36 (Ag 36), which is a tandemly repeated <i>T. cruzi</i> antigen. GenBank M21331 has a gene sequence similarity to human immune genes IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ, as well as to human <i>TRIM...
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| author | Martin A. Winkler Alfred A. Pan |
| author_facet | Martin A. Winkler Alfred A. Pan |
| author_sort | Martin A. Winkler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> GenBank<sup>®</sup> M21331 encodes for Antigen 36 (Ag 36), which is a tandemly repeated <i>T. cruzi</i> antigen. GenBank M21331 has a gene sequence similarity to human immune genes IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ, as well as to human <i>TRIM</i> genes. A BLAST-p search revealed that <i>T. cruzi</i> GenBank M21331 had seven gene sequences homologous to microtubule-associated protein (MAP) genes with a 100% amino acid sequence identity. There are 36 genes in the <i>T. cruzi</i> genome with >94% identity to GenBank M21331, and these genes encode proteins ranging in size from 38 to 2011 amino acids in length, the largest containing 20, 25, and 30 repeats of the Ag 36 thirty-eight-amino-acid-sequence motif. The purpose of this study was to perform a genetic and molecular comparative analysis of <i>T. cruzi</i> GenBank M21331 to determine if this gene sequence is unique to the <i>T. cruzi</i> clade, present in the <i>T. brucei</i> clade, and/or exists in other trypanosomatids. There are seven homologous genes to GenBank M21331 in <i>T. cruzi</i>, but only one homolog found of this gene in <i>T. brucei</i>. The MAP genes in <i>T. cruzi</i> appear to have expanded at least eleven-fold in number compared to similar MAP genes in <i>T. brucei</i>. The DNA sequences and functions of these MAP genes in their respective species and clades will be discussed and are a fascinating area for further scientific study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-66b24432ce304cd4ad23d3ff91d2cf50 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-66b24432ce304cd4ad23d3ff91d2cf502025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-05-0114547610.3390/pathogens14050476Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class KinetoplastidaMartin A. Winkler0Alfred A. Pan1Biotech Advisor, 1321 Wagon Wheel Road, Lawrence, KS 66049-3543, USATNTC, Inc., 25A Crescent Drive, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-5508, USA<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> GenBank<sup>®</sup> M21331 encodes for Antigen 36 (Ag 36), which is a tandemly repeated <i>T. cruzi</i> antigen. GenBank M21331 has a gene sequence similarity to human immune genes IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ, as well as to human <i>TRIM</i> genes. A BLAST-p search revealed that <i>T. cruzi</i> GenBank M21331 had seven gene sequences homologous to microtubule-associated protein (MAP) genes with a 100% amino acid sequence identity. There are 36 genes in the <i>T. cruzi</i> genome with >94% identity to GenBank M21331, and these genes encode proteins ranging in size from 38 to 2011 amino acids in length, the largest containing 20, 25, and 30 repeats of the Ag 36 thirty-eight-amino-acid-sequence motif. The purpose of this study was to perform a genetic and molecular comparative analysis of <i>T. cruzi</i> GenBank M21331 to determine if this gene sequence is unique to the <i>T. cruzi</i> clade, present in the <i>T. brucei</i> clade, and/or exists in other trypanosomatids. There are seven homologous genes to GenBank M21331 in <i>T. cruzi</i>, but only one homolog found of this gene in <i>T. brucei</i>. The MAP genes in <i>T. cruzi</i> appear to have expanded at least eleven-fold in number compared to similar MAP genes in <i>T. brucei</i>. The DNA sequences and functions of these MAP genes in their respective species and clades will be discussed and are a fascinating area for further scientific study.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/476<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i><i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>antigen 36Chagas diseasemicrotubule associated proteingenetic diversity |
| spellingShingle | Martin A. Winkler Alfred A. Pan Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida Pathogens <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> antigen 36 Chagas disease microtubule associated protein genetic diversity |
| title | Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida |
| title_full | Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida |
| title_short | Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Increased Number of Genes for <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Microtubule Associated Proteins in the Class Kinetoplastida |
| title_sort | molecular and genetic analysis of the increased number of genes for i trypanosoma cruzi i microtubule associated proteins in the class kinetoplastida |
| topic | <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> antigen 36 Chagas disease microtubule associated protein genetic diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/476 |
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