Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.
<h4>Aim</h4>To characterize clinically relevant subgroups of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on adiposity, insulin secretion, and resistance indices.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eastern Regional Hospital in Ghana from July to Oc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302912 |
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| author | Christian Obirikorang Evans Asamoah Adu Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Samuel Nkansah Darko Frank Naku Ghartey Samuel Ametepe Eric N Y Nyarko Enoch Odame Anto William Kwame Boakye Ansah Owiredu |
| author_facet | Christian Obirikorang Evans Asamoah Adu Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Samuel Nkansah Darko Frank Naku Ghartey Samuel Ametepe Eric N Y Nyarko Enoch Odame Anto William Kwame Boakye Ansah Owiredu |
| author_sort | Christian Obirikorang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Aim</h4>To characterize clinically relevant subgroups of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on adiposity, insulin secretion, and resistance indices.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eastern Regional Hospital in Ghana from July to October 2021 to investigate long-term patients with T2DM. To select participants, a systematic random sampling method was employed. Demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire and fasting blood samples were taken to measure glycemic and lipid levels. Blood pressure and adiposity indices were measured during recruitment. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was defined using Framingham scores and standard low-density lipoprotein thresholds. To analyze the data, k-means clustering algorithms and regression analysis were used.<h4>Results</h4>The study identified three groups in female patients according to body mass index, relative fat mass, glycated hemoglobin, and triglyceride-glucose index. These groups included the obesity-related phenotype, the severe insulin resistance phenotype, and the normal weight phenotype with improved insulin resistance. Among male patients with T2DM, two groups were identified, including the obesity-related phenotype with severe insulin resistance and the normal weight phenotype with improved insulin sensitivity. The severe insulin resistance phenotype in female patients was associated with an increased risk of high CVD (OR = 5.34, 95%CI:2.11-13.55) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 7.07; 95%CI:3.24-15.42). Among male patients, the obesity-related phenotype with severe insulin resistance was associated with an increased intermediate (OR = 21.78, 95%CI:4.17-113.78) and a high-risk CVD (OR = 6.84, 95%CI:1.45-32.12).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings highlight significant cardiometabolic heterogeneity among T2DM patients. The subgroups of T2DM patients characterized by obesity and/or severe insulin resistance with or without poor glycemic control, have increased risk of CVD. This underscores the importance of considering differences in adiposity, insulin secretion, and sensitivity indices when making clinical decisions for patients with T2DM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-66b21aa18932416daa7dcb0b62eb40e8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-66b21aa18932416daa7dcb0b62eb40e82025-02-12T05:30:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e030291210.1371/journal.pone.0302912Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.Christian ObirikorangEvans Asamoah AduAnthony Afum-Adjei AwuahSamuel Nkansah DarkoFrank Naku GharteySamuel AmetepeEric N Y NyarkoEnoch Odame AntoWilliam Kwame Boakye Ansah Owiredu<h4>Aim</h4>To characterize clinically relevant subgroups of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on adiposity, insulin secretion, and resistance indices.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eastern Regional Hospital in Ghana from July to October 2021 to investigate long-term patients with T2DM. To select participants, a systematic random sampling method was employed. Demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire and fasting blood samples were taken to measure glycemic and lipid levels. Blood pressure and adiposity indices were measured during recruitment. The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was defined using Framingham scores and standard low-density lipoprotein thresholds. To analyze the data, k-means clustering algorithms and regression analysis were used.<h4>Results</h4>The study identified three groups in female patients according to body mass index, relative fat mass, glycated hemoglobin, and triglyceride-glucose index. These groups included the obesity-related phenotype, the severe insulin resistance phenotype, and the normal weight phenotype with improved insulin resistance. Among male patients with T2DM, two groups were identified, including the obesity-related phenotype with severe insulin resistance and the normal weight phenotype with improved insulin sensitivity. The severe insulin resistance phenotype in female patients was associated with an increased risk of high CVD (OR = 5.34, 95%CI:2.11-13.55) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 7.07; 95%CI:3.24-15.42). Among male patients, the obesity-related phenotype with severe insulin resistance was associated with an increased intermediate (OR = 21.78, 95%CI:4.17-113.78) and a high-risk CVD (OR = 6.84, 95%CI:1.45-32.12).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings highlight significant cardiometabolic heterogeneity among T2DM patients. The subgroups of T2DM patients characterized by obesity and/or severe insulin resistance with or without poor glycemic control, have increased risk of CVD. This underscores the importance of considering differences in adiposity, insulin secretion, and sensitivity indices when making clinical decisions for patients with T2DM.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302912 |
| spellingShingle | Christian Obirikorang Evans Asamoah Adu Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Samuel Nkansah Darko Frank Naku Ghartey Samuel Ametepe Eric N Y Nyarko Enoch Odame Anto William Kwame Boakye Ansah Owiredu Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE |
| title | Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
| title_full | Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
| title_fullStr | Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
| title_short | Differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
| title_sort | differential risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ghana a hospital based cross sectional study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302912 |
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