Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction

The increasing use of cryptocurrencies has changed the dynamics of investment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for investors. Although various studies have compared the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in predicting financial asset prices, ther...

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Main Authors: Moch Panji Agung Saputra, Riza Andrian Ibrahim, Renda Sandi Saputra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Research Collaboration Community (RCC) 2025-02-01
Series:International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development
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Online Access:https://journal.rescollacomm.com/index.php/ijbesd/article/view/887
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author Moch Panji Agung Saputra
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Renda Sandi Saputra
author_facet Moch Panji Agung Saputra
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Renda Sandi Saputra
author_sort Moch Panji Agung Saputra
collection DOAJ
description The increasing use of cryptocurrencies has changed the dynamics of investment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for investors. Although various studies have compared the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in predicting financial asset prices, there are still differences in results regarding which model is superior. Therefore, this study aims to compare the performance of LSTM and GRU in predicting Ethereum prices using a hyperparameter tuning approach. The data used is historical data of Ethereum (ETH) shares from 2020 to 2025. The research methodology includes data preprocessing using Min-Max scaling, model development with various layer configurations, and comprehensive evaluation using several performance metrics. The results show that the GRU Model provides superior performance with a lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.0234 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0168, compared to LSTM's RMSE of 0.0265 and MAE of 0.0193. While LSTM exhibits a slightly better Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 18.08% compared to GRU at 18.17%, the GRU model achieves a higher R² Score of 0.9442 compared to LSTM at 0.9282. Visual analysis of the prediction patterns and residual distributions further demonstrates GRU’s more consistent and accurate performance in capturing Ethereum price movements. These findings suggest that while both models are effective for cryptocurrency price prediction, GRU offers slightly better overall performance and stability, especially in maintaining consistent prediction accuracy across different market conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-66a09c7bf4b84a8a8ea3feb7adcd8f072025-08-20T02:10:32ZengResearch Collaboration Community (RCC)International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development2722-11642722-11562025-02-016113213810.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.887634Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price PredictionMoch Panji Agung Saputra0Riza Andrian Ibrahim1Renda Sandi Saputra2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, IndonesiaDoctoral Mathematics Study Programme, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, IndonesiaDepartment of Informatics, Faculty of Technology and Information, University of Informatics and Business, Bandung, IndonesiaThe increasing use of cryptocurrencies has changed the dynamics of investment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for investors. Although various studies have compared the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in predicting financial asset prices, there are still differences in results regarding which model is superior. Therefore, this study aims to compare the performance of LSTM and GRU in predicting Ethereum prices using a hyperparameter tuning approach. The data used is historical data of Ethereum (ETH) shares from 2020 to 2025. The research methodology includes data preprocessing using Min-Max scaling, model development with various layer configurations, and comprehensive evaluation using several performance metrics. The results show that the GRU Model provides superior performance with a lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.0234 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0168, compared to LSTM's RMSE of 0.0265 and MAE of 0.0193. While LSTM exhibits a slightly better Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 18.08% compared to GRU at 18.17%, the GRU model achieves a higher R² Score of 0.9442 compared to LSTM at 0.9282. Visual analysis of the prediction patterns and residual distributions further demonstrates GRU’s more consistent and accurate performance in capturing Ethereum price movements. These findings suggest that while both models are effective for cryptocurrency price prediction, GRU offers slightly better overall performance and stability, especially in maintaining consistent prediction accuracy across different market conditions.https://journal.rescollacomm.com/index.php/ijbesd/article/view/887ethereum price prediction, deep learning, long short-term memory (lstm), gated recurrent unit (gru), cryptocurrency, hyperparameter tuning
spellingShingle Moch Panji Agung Saputra
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Renda Sandi Saputra
Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development
ethereum price prediction, deep learning, long short-term memory (lstm), gated recurrent unit (gru), cryptocurrency, hyperparameter tuning
title Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
title_full Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
title_fullStr Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
title_short Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction
title_sort comparative analysis of lstm and gru models for ethereum eth price prediction
topic ethereum price prediction, deep learning, long short-term memory (lstm), gated recurrent unit (gru), cryptocurrency, hyperparameter tuning
url https://journal.rescollacomm.com/index.php/ijbesd/article/view/887
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AT rizaandrianibrahim comparativeanalysisoflstmandgrumodelsforethereumethpriceprediction
AT rendasandisaputra comparativeanalysisoflstmandgrumodelsforethereumethpriceprediction