Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i>
The development of the non-ferrous metal industry is generating increasingly large quantities of wastewater containing heavy metals (e.g., Sb). The precipitation of heavy metals by microorganisms involves complex mechanisms that require further investigation to optimize bioremediation technologies....
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2024-12-01
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| author | Fan Zhuang Xiaowu Xiang Jin Hu Jing Xiong Teng Zhang Lei Zhou Guoping Jiang Min Zhang Zhenghua Liu Huaqun Yin Ling Xia Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Mahmoud Delong Meng |
| author_facet | Fan Zhuang Xiaowu Xiang Jin Hu Jing Xiong Teng Zhang Lei Zhou Guoping Jiang Min Zhang Zhenghua Liu Huaqun Yin Ling Xia Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Mahmoud Delong Meng |
| author_sort | Fan Zhuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of the non-ferrous metal industry is generating increasingly large quantities of wastewater containing heavy metals (e.g., Sb). The precipitation of heavy metals by microorganisms involves complex mechanisms that require further investigation to optimize bioremediation technologies. In this study, we employed a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> CSU_dl to treat the antimony (Sb)-containing wastewater; the behavior of Sb and mechanisms underlying precipitation were investigated by characterizing the precipitates. The results showed that the abiotic factors constraining SRB bacterial growth greatly affect Sb forms and precipitation. For instance, Sb precipitation maximumly occurred at pH 6 and 7, or C:N ratio of 10:1 and 40:3 for Sb(III) and Sb(V), respectively, resulting in a maximum Sb removal rate of 94%. Interestingly, we found that substantial antimonate and antimonite were adsorbed on the SRB cell surface, indicating that cell surface is a critical reaction site of Sb transformation and precipitation. Sb was adsorbed to the cell surface by C-C and C=O groups, and was further precipitated by forming Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> or was coprecipitated with the P-containing group. Partial Sb(V) reduction was also observed on the SRB cell surface. These results provided a deep insight into the Sb bio-transformation and were an advancement with respect to understanding bioremediation of Sb-contaminated wastewater. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-669b61b39982405cb6b29376abce4aeb2025-01-24T13:50:57ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-011311710.3390/toxics13010017Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i>Fan Zhuang0Xiaowu Xiang1Jin Hu2Jing Xiong3Teng Zhang4Lei Zhou5Guoping Jiang6Min Zhang7Zhenghua Liu8Huaqun Yin9Ling Xia10Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Mahmoud11Delong Meng12Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaDongkou County Agricultural Bureau, Shaoyang 422300, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaBeijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Beijing 101148, ChinaBeijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Beijing 101148, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCentral Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo 11421, EgyptKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaThe development of the non-ferrous metal industry is generating increasingly large quantities of wastewater containing heavy metals (e.g., Sb). The precipitation of heavy metals by microorganisms involves complex mechanisms that require further investigation to optimize bioremediation technologies. In this study, we employed a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> CSU_dl to treat the antimony (Sb)-containing wastewater; the behavior of Sb and mechanisms underlying precipitation were investigated by characterizing the precipitates. The results showed that the abiotic factors constraining SRB bacterial growth greatly affect Sb forms and precipitation. For instance, Sb precipitation maximumly occurred at pH 6 and 7, or C:N ratio of 10:1 and 40:3 for Sb(III) and Sb(V), respectively, resulting in a maximum Sb removal rate of 94%. Interestingly, we found that substantial antimonate and antimonite were adsorbed on the SRB cell surface, indicating that cell surface is a critical reaction site of Sb transformation and precipitation. Sb was adsorbed to the cell surface by C-C and C=O groups, and was further precipitated by forming Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> or was coprecipitated with the P-containing group. Partial Sb(V) reduction was also observed on the SRB cell surface. These results provided a deep insight into the Sb bio-transformation and were an advancement with respect to understanding bioremediation of Sb-contaminated wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/17antimony pollutionsulfate-reducing bacteriaSbXPSSEM-EDX |
| spellingShingle | Fan Zhuang Xiaowu Xiang Jin Hu Jing Xiong Teng Zhang Lei Zhou Guoping Jiang Min Zhang Zhenghua Liu Huaqun Yin Ling Xia Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Mahmoud Delong Meng Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> Toxics antimony pollution sulfate-reducing bacteria Sb XPS SEM-EDX |
| title | Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> |
| title_full | Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> |
| title_fullStr | Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> |
| title_short | Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria <i>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</i> |
| title_sort | behavior and mechanisms of antimony precipitation from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria i desulfovibrio desulfuricans i |
| topic | antimony pollution sulfate-reducing bacteria Sb XPS SEM-EDX |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/17 |
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