Oral malignancy, oral disorders with malignant potential and their association with smoking and chewing forms of tobacco: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction This study aims to evaluate the association between oral malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with smoking and chewing forms of tobacco. Methods A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science for studies up to December 202...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abhinav Singh, Bharathi M. Purohit, Abhishek Purohit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: European Publishing 2023-03-01
Series:Population Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.populationmedicine.eu/Oral-malignancy-oral-disorders-with-malignant-potential-and-their-association-with,160991,0,2.html
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Summary:Introduction This study aims to evaluate the association between oral malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with smoking and chewing forms of tobacco. Methods A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science for studies up to December 2021. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Participants were adolescent children or adults with no age restrictions. Exposed to the risk factors were participants with a habit of tobacco chewing and/or smoking. Outcomes were oral malignancy or other potentially malignant oral disorders. Quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Random effects model was used to assess and compare the association between smoking and chewing forms of tobacco with the outcome measure. Assessment of certainty of evidence was conducted using GRADE analysis. Results A total of 30764 tobacco smokers and 36134 tobacco chewers with oral cancer were available for analysis. Similarly, 4135 tobacco smokers and 4033 tobacco chewers were available for analysis for oral potentially malignant disorders. Tobacco chewers were significantly associated with higher presence of oral potentially malignant disorders among patients with both mixed (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.25–3.87, p=0.001; I 2 =93%) and no mixed usage (OR=2.63; 95% CI: 2.01–3.43, p=0.001; I 2 =44%) when compared with tobacco smokers with mixed and no mixed usage. Tobacco chewers were also significantly associated with higher presence of higher oral malignancy among patients with both mixed (OR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.19–4.28, p=0.01; I 2 =91%) and no mixed usage (OR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.62–5.46, p=0.001; I 2 =0%) when compared with tobacco smokers with mixed and no mixed usage. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides substantial evidence that consumption of chewing tobacco is significantly associated with higher oral malignancy and oral potentially malignant disorders compared to smoking tobacco.
ISSN:2654-1459