Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
<b>Objectives:</b> In this study, we aimed to incorporate levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LVC) into electrospun nanovesicle-in-nanofiber (NF) scaffolds for combined management of atopic dermatitis and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> skin infection, to susta...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Rofida Albash Samer Khalid Ali Rehab Abdelmonem Ahmed M. Agiba Renad Aldhahri Asmaa Saleh Amira B. Kassem Menna M. Abdellatif |
| author_facet | Rofida Albash Samer Khalid Ali Rehab Abdelmonem Ahmed M. Agiba Renad Aldhahri Asmaa Saleh Amira B. Kassem Menna M. Abdellatif |
| author_sort | Rofida Albash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Objectives:</b> In this study, we aimed to incorporate levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LVC) into electrospun nanovesicle-in-nanofiber (NF) scaffolds for combined management of atopic dermatitis and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> skin infection, to sustain LVC release for continuous skin improvement. <b>Methods:</b> Firstly, LVC was encapsulated in cerosomes (CERs) by employing a thin-film hydration approach using a 2<sup>1</sup>.3<sup>1</sup> factorial design. CERs were assessed by calculating entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). In addition, the optimized CERs were further subjected to stability evaluation. After that, the optimized CERs were incorporated into polyurethane nanofibers (NFs) using a coaxial electrospinning technique. An in vitro release assay was used to calculate the amount of LVC released from the LVC-NFs and the optimized CERs-NFs. For morphological assessment of NFs, LVC-NFs and CERs-NFs were subjected to transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to evaluate the roughness of CERs and both NFs. The optimum formulation was further subjected to in vivo study. <b>Results:</b> The optimum CERs exhibited an EE% of 65.03 ± 1.07%, a PS of 680.00 ± 39.50 nm, and a PDI of 0.51 ± 0.04. LVC was released in a sustained manner from CERs NFs. Further, a dermatokinetic study confirmed that CERs-NFs sustained the infiltration of LVC, compared with the other groups. Finally, a safety assessment showed that all formulations were safe when topically applied to rat skin. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, AD and MRSA skin infections may be cured by employing electrospun nanofiber-scaffold-loaded LVC CERs, which can thus be regarded as a promising system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-667e2d319dca4ab3b08d740456767150 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-667e2d319dca4ab3b08d7404567671502025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-04-0118563310.3390/ph18050633Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo StudiesRofida Albash0Samer Khalid Ali1Rehab Abdelmonem2Ahmed M. Agiba3Renad Aldhahri4Asmaa Saleh5Amira B. Kassem6Menna M. Abdellatif7Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, EgyptCollege of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Nasiriyah 64001, IraqDepartment of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12566, EgyptSchool of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, MexicoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh 13412, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaClinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, EgyptDepartment of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt<b>Objectives:</b> In this study, we aimed to incorporate levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LVC) into electrospun nanovesicle-in-nanofiber (NF) scaffolds for combined management of atopic dermatitis and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> skin infection, to sustain LVC release for continuous skin improvement. <b>Methods:</b> Firstly, LVC was encapsulated in cerosomes (CERs) by employing a thin-film hydration approach using a 2<sup>1</sup>.3<sup>1</sup> factorial design. CERs were assessed by calculating entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). In addition, the optimized CERs were further subjected to stability evaluation. After that, the optimized CERs were incorporated into polyurethane nanofibers (NFs) using a coaxial electrospinning technique. An in vitro release assay was used to calculate the amount of LVC released from the LVC-NFs and the optimized CERs-NFs. For morphological assessment of NFs, LVC-NFs and CERs-NFs were subjected to transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to evaluate the roughness of CERs and both NFs. The optimum formulation was further subjected to in vivo study. <b>Results:</b> The optimum CERs exhibited an EE% of 65.03 ± 1.07%, a PS of 680.00 ± 39.50 nm, and a PDI of 0.51 ± 0.04. LVC was released in a sustained manner from CERs NFs. Further, a dermatokinetic study confirmed that CERs-NFs sustained the infiltration of LVC, compared with the other groups. Finally, a safety assessment showed that all formulations were safe when topically applied to rat skin. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, AD and MRSA skin infections may be cured by employing electrospun nanofiber-scaffold-loaded LVC CERs, which can thus be regarded as a promising system.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/633atopic dermatitisMRSA skin infectionatomic force microscopycerosomesconfocal laser scanning microscopylevocetirizine dihydrochloride |
| spellingShingle | Rofida Albash Samer Khalid Ali Rehab Abdelmonem Ahmed M. Agiba Renad Aldhahri Asmaa Saleh Amira B. Kassem Menna M. Abdellatif Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Pharmaceuticals atopic dermatitis MRSA skin infection atomic force microscopy cerosomes confocal laser scanning microscopy levocetirizine dihydrochloride |
| title | Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full | Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_fullStr | Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_short | Electrospun Nanofiber-Scaffold-Loaded Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Cerosomes for Combined Management of Atopic Dermatitis and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> (MRSA) Skin Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
| title_sort | electrospun nanofiber scaffold loaded levocetirizine dihydrochloride cerosomes for combined management of atopic dermatitis and methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i mrsa skin infection in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | atopic dermatitis MRSA skin infection atomic force microscopy cerosomes confocal laser scanning microscopy levocetirizine dihydrochloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/633 |
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