Assessment of untreated and vermifiltration treated pharmaceutical industrial effluent in fish Channa punctata using biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural and ATR-FTIR analysis

Abstract The unfettered discharge of untreated pharmaceutical effluent into water bodies poses severe menace to aquatic ecosystem. The conventional approaches found to be ineffectual in treating pharmaceutical effluent due to certain issues such as lack of eco-friendliness, cost extensive, also slud...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Harpal Kaur, Pooja Chadha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98068-y
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