Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>

The rice weevil, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> (L.), is a major pest that poses a considerable threat to grain safety storage. Early detection is of great significance in reducing grain losses. Studies have demonstrated that pest infestation causes alterations in grain volatiles, potentially...

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Main Authors: Xinjie Liu, Haixin Jiang, Haoqi Xu, Sijia Shang, Dianxuan Wang, Yueliang Bai, Fangfang Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3390
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author Xinjie Liu
Haixin Jiang
Haoqi Xu
Sijia Shang
Dianxuan Wang
Yueliang Bai
Fangfang Zeng
author_facet Xinjie Liu
Haixin Jiang
Haoqi Xu
Sijia Shang
Dianxuan Wang
Yueliang Bai
Fangfang Zeng
author_sort Xinjie Liu
collection DOAJ
description The rice weevil, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> (L.), is a major pest that poses a considerable threat to grain safety storage. Early detection is of great significance in reducing grain losses. Studies have demonstrated that pest infestation causes alterations in grain volatiles, potentially indicating the presence of pests. In this study, we detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in non-infected and pest-infected wheat on the 3rd, 9th, 17th, 22nd, and 40th days, corresponding to the developmental stages of the rice weevil at the egg, young larval, old larval, pupal, and adult stages, respectively. A total of 126 VOCs were identified, including 96 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 9 esters, and 18 other compounds, 62 of which are newly produced compared to non-infected wheat. Six characteristic volatiles, namely dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, 2, 6, 10-trimethylpentadecane, and squalene, may be related to the degradation of lipids and the expression of wheat stress tolerance and underwent significant changes as infestation progressed, according to the VIP value. This study assists in interpreting the effects of rice weevil infestation on wheat at the metabolic level and establishes a foundation for storage inspection based on VOC analysis.
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spelling doaj-art-666511976d0c4dc2b273a9f8daf853cf2025-08-20T02:49:56ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-10-011321339010.3390/foods13213390Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>Xinjie Liu0Haixin Jiang1Haoqi Xu2Sijia Shang3Dianxuan Wang4Yueliang Bai5Fangfang Zeng6School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaNational Grain Industry (Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaThe rice weevil, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> (L.), is a major pest that poses a considerable threat to grain safety storage. Early detection is of great significance in reducing grain losses. Studies have demonstrated that pest infestation causes alterations in grain volatiles, potentially indicating the presence of pests. In this study, we detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in non-infected and pest-infected wheat on the 3rd, 9th, 17th, 22nd, and 40th days, corresponding to the developmental stages of the rice weevil at the egg, young larval, old larval, pupal, and adult stages, respectively. A total of 126 VOCs were identified, including 96 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 9 esters, and 18 other compounds, 62 of which are newly produced compared to non-infected wheat. Six characteristic volatiles, namely dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, 2, 6, 10-trimethylpentadecane, and squalene, may be related to the degradation of lipids and the expression of wheat stress tolerance and underwent significant changes as infestation progressed, according to the VIP value. This study assists in interpreting the effects of rice weevil infestation on wheat at the metabolic level and establishes a foundation for storage inspection based on VOC analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3390stored pestrice weevilinfested wheatvolatilesearly detection
spellingShingle Xinjie Liu
Haixin Jiang
Haoqi Xu
Sijia Shang
Dianxuan Wang
Yueliang Bai
Fangfang Zeng
Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
Foods
stored pest
rice weevil
infested wheat
volatiles
early detection
title Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
title_full Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
title_fullStr Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
title_full_unstemmed Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
title_short Volatile Organic Compounds as Early Detection Indicators of Wheat Infected by <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>
title_sort volatile organic compounds as early detection indicators of wheat infected by i sitophilus oryzae i
topic stored pest
rice weevil
infested wheat
volatiles
early detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/21/3390
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