Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites

Abstract The increasing presence of antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) in aquatic environments has become a critical issue due to their persistence and contribution to antibiotic resistance. In this study, a graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite (GO-HAp) composite was synthesized as photocatalyst, an...

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Main Authors: Bilge Su Subasi, Tugba Hayri-Senel, Ebru Kahraman, Serhat Sezer, Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili, Nalan Erdol-Aydin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11502-z
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author Bilge Su Subasi
Tugba Hayri-Senel
Ebru Kahraman
Serhat Sezer
Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili
Nalan Erdol-Aydin
author_facet Bilge Su Subasi
Tugba Hayri-Senel
Ebru Kahraman
Serhat Sezer
Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili
Nalan Erdol-Aydin
author_sort Bilge Su Subasi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing presence of antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) in aquatic environments has become a critical issue due to their persistence and contribution to antibiotic resistance. In this study, a graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite (GO-HAp) composite was synthesized as photocatalyst, and its performance for visible-light-induced degradation of TC from aqueous solution was evaluated. The incorporation of GO reduced the band gap of HAp from 3.5 eV to 2.8 eV, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. The evaluation and optimization of the process parameters including pH, initial TC concentration, and catalyst dosage were carried out using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Under the optimum conditions (pH 11, 50 mg L−1 TC, 15 mg catalyst), a degradation efficiency of 86.65% was obtained after 120 min of irradiation. Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model with an R2 value of 0.95. Additionally, the photocatalyst synthesized in the study exhibited good reusability and showed an efficiency of 83% after three cycles. These results indicate that the GO-HAp composite is a promising and reusable material for the efficient photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light.
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spelling doaj-art-665ea5fac24f4e8a842755f6bbe4052a2025-08-20T03:05:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-11502-zPhotocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite compositesBilge Su Subasi0Tugba Hayri-Senel1Ebru Kahraman2Serhat Sezer3Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili4Nalan Erdol-Aydin5Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical UniversityAbstract The increasing presence of antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) in aquatic environments has become a critical issue due to their persistence and contribution to antibiotic resistance. In this study, a graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite (GO-HAp) composite was synthesized as photocatalyst, and its performance for visible-light-induced degradation of TC from aqueous solution was evaluated. The incorporation of GO reduced the band gap of HAp from 3.5 eV to 2.8 eV, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. The evaluation and optimization of the process parameters including pH, initial TC concentration, and catalyst dosage were carried out using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Under the optimum conditions (pH 11, 50 mg L−1 TC, 15 mg catalyst), a degradation efficiency of 86.65% was obtained after 120 min of irradiation. Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model with an R2 value of 0.95. Additionally, the photocatalyst synthesized in the study exhibited good reusability and showed an efficiency of 83% after three cycles. These results indicate that the GO-HAp composite is a promising and reusable material for the efficient photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11502-zTetracyclinePhotodegradationGraphene oxideHydroxyapatite
spellingShingle Bilge Su Subasi
Tugba Hayri-Senel
Ebru Kahraman
Serhat Sezer
Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili
Nalan Erdol-Aydin
Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
Scientific Reports
Tetracycline
Photodegradation
Graphene oxide
Hydroxyapatite
title Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
title_full Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
title_fullStr Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
title_full_unstemmed Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
title_short Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
title_sort photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution with graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite composites
topic Tetracycline
Photodegradation
Graphene oxide
Hydroxyapatite
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11502-z
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