Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes
Transformer cores exhibiting higher operating power and improved efficiency are of great interest to electrical utilities, industry, and the de-carbonization effort. Minnealloy, α″-Fe16(C,N)2, a martensite made only of iron, nitrogen, and carbon, has shown the largest saturation magnetization of any...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIP Publishing LLC
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | AIP Advances |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000910 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850259721043312640 |
|---|---|
| author | William Echtenkamp Andrew S. Padgett Sean R. Bishop Philippe F. Weck Tyra C. Douglas C. J. Pearce Daniel R. Lowry Landon F. Schnebly Jian-Ping Wang |
| author_facet | William Echtenkamp Andrew S. Padgett Sean R. Bishop Philippe F. Weck Tyra C. Douglas C. J. Pearce Daniel R. Lowry Landon F. Schnebly Jian-Ping Wang |
| author_sort | William Echtenkamp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transformer cores exhibiting higher operating power and improved efficiency are of great interest to electrical utilities, industry, and the de-carbonization effort. Minnealloy, α″-Fe16(C,N)2, a martensite made only of iron, nitrogen, and carbon, has shown the largest saturation magnetization of any soft ferromagnet, 250 emu/g, and tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Given this represents a significant increase in power transferred per cycle compared to legacy transformer core materials, we investigate three novel, industrially scalable routes for fabricating Minnealloy. The martensite phase content is investigated for each route. Vibrating sample magnetometry is used to investigate the change in saturation magnetization and coercivity with respect to the relative content of the desired phase and other iron, iron-nitride, and iron oxide phase impurities. The relationship between structure and magnetic properties of bulk α″-Fe16(C,N)2 is investigated using LDA, PBE, and PBEsol exchange-correlation functionals within the frameworks of Hubbard-corrected density functional theory (DFT+U). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-665a6dfb5fce4fdc8ad746f048bdaef9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2158-3226 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIP Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-665a6dfb5fce4fdc8ad746f048bdaef92025-08-20T01:55:49ZengAIP Publishing LLCAIP Advances2158-32262025-03-01153035008035008-610.1063/9.0000910Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routesWilliam Echtenkamp0Andrew S. Padgett1Sean R. Bishop2Philippe F. Weck3Tyra C. Douglas4C. J. Pearce5Daniel R. Lowry6Landon F. Schnebly7Jian-Ping Wang8University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USASandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USAUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USATransformer cores exhibiting higher operating power and improved efficiency are of great interest to electrical utilities, industry, and the de-carbonization effort. Minnealloy, α″-Fe16(C,N)2, a martensite made only of iron, nitrogen, and carbon, has shown the largest saturation magnetization of any soft ferromagnet, 250 emu/g, and tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Given this represents a significant increase in power transferred per cycle compared to legacy transformer core materials, we investigate three novel, industrially scalable routes for fabricating Minnealloy. The martensite phase content is investigated for each route. Vibrating sample magnetometry is used to investigate the change in saturation magnetization and coercivity with respect to the relative content of the desired phase and other iron, iron-nitride, and iron oxide phase impurities. The relationship between structure and magnetic properties of bulk α″-Fe16(C,N)2 is investigated using LDA, PBE, and PBEsol exchange-correlation functionals within the frameworks of Hubbard-corrected density functional theory (DFT+U).http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000910 |
| spellingShingle | William Echtenkamp Andrew S. Padgett Sean R. Bishop Philippe F. Weck Tyra C. Douglas C. J. Pearce Daniel R. Lowry Landon F. Schnebly Jian-Ping Wang Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes AIP Advances |
| title | Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| title_full | Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| title_short | Assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| title_sort | assessment of minnealloy fabrication via three routes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000910 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT williamechtenkamp assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT andrewspadgett assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT seanrbishop assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT philippefweck assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT tyracdouglas assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT cjpearce assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT danielrlowry assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT landonfschnebly assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes AT jianpingwang assessmentofminnealloyfabricationviathreeroutes |