Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil poses significant threats to ecosystem sustainability and human health. An outdoor box experiment was conducted as factorial abased on randomized complete block design, with three replications, during 2017 cropping season to evaluate the effect...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zahra Amiriyan Chelan, Rouhollah Amini, Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01681-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849704231859126272
author Zahra Amiriyan Chelan
Rouhollah Amini
Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
author_facet Zahra Amiriyan Chelan
Rouhollah Amini
Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
author_sort Zahra Amiriyan Chelan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil poses significant threats to ecosystem sustainability and human health. An outdoor box experiment was conducted as factorial abased on randomized complete block design, with three replications, during 2017 cropping season to evaluate the effects of biofertilizers on Vigna radiata L. growth and yield under different Cu concentrations. The first factor was fertilizer treatment including plant growth-promoting bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti (PGP), arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus Piriformospora indica (AM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) and the second factor was Cu concentrations consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cu/kg soil. The greatest plant height (30.20 and 30.17 cm) and leaf area index (LAI) (1.64 and 1.55) were observed at 0 and 50 mg Cu/kg soil, particularly in CF and AM treatments. The highest Cu concentrations were found in the shoots (74.42 mg/kg) and grains (75.92 mg/kg) when using CF at 200 mg Cu/kg soil. The highest Cu concentration in the roots was obtained in PGP biofertilizer treatment (160.7 mg Cu/kg root). In all Cu concentrations, the shoot bioconcentration factors (BCF) in CF and control treatments were higher than those in PGP and AM treatments. The root BCF improved with the use of PGP and AM treatments, compared to the control. Except the CF, the translocation factor (TF) in other treatments were ˂ 1 and the highest TF was obtained in 200 mg Cu/kg soil (0.842) and CF (1.050) treatment. Based on the results, we concluded that high Cu concentrations reduced the mung bean yield and productivity. However, applying AM in Cu-contaminated soil showed significant potential for improving mung bean yield, reducing Cu availability, and minimizing plant uptake. Generally, compared with chemical fertilizer (CF), P. indica and S. meliloti inoculation effectively increased Cu accumulation in the roots of mung bean grown in Cu-contaminated soil.
format Article
id doaj-art-662c9516fcee47bfb0ff77fbc3dfe02f
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-662c9516fcee47bfb0ff77fbc3dfe02f2025-08-20T03:16:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-01681-0Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculationZahra Amiriyan Chelan0Rouhollah Amini1Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab2Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of TabrizDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of TabrizDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of TabrizAbstract Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil poses significant threats to ecosystem sustainability and human health. An outdoor box experiment was conducted as factorial abased on randomized complete block design, with three replications, during 2017 cropping season to evaluate the effects of biofertilizers on Vigna radiata L. growth and yield under different Cu concentrations. The first factor was fertilizer treatment including plant growth-promoting bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti (PGP), arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus Piriformospora indica (AM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) and the second factor was Cu concentrations consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cu/kg soil. The greatest plant height (30.20 and 30.17 cm) and leaf area index (LAI) (1.64 and 1.55) were observed at 0 and 50 mg Cu/kg soil, particularly in CF and AM treatments. The highest Cu concentrations were found in the shoots (74.42 mg/kg) and grains (75.92 mg/kg) when using CF at 200 mg Cu/kg soil. The highest Cu concentration in the roots was obtained in PGP biofertilizer treatment (160.7 mg Cu/kg root). In all Cu concentrations, the shoot bioconcentration factors (BCF) in CF and control treatments were higher than those in PGP and AM treatments. The root BCF improved with the use of PGP and AM treatments, compared to the control. Except the CF, the translocation factor (TF) in other treatments were ˂ 1 and the highest TF was obtained in 200 mg Cu/kg soil (0.842) and CF (1.050) treatment. Based on the results, we concluded that high Cu concentrations reduced the mung bean yield and productivity. However, applying AM in Cu-contaminated soil showed significant potential for improving mung bean yield, reducing Cu availability, and minimizing plant uptake. Generally, compared with chemical fertilizer (CF), P. indica and S. meliloti inoculation effectively increased Cu accumulation in the roots of mung bean grown in Cu-contaminated soil.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01681-0
spellingShingle Zahra Amiriyan Chelan
Rouhollah Amini
Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
Scientific Reports
title Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
title_full Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
title_fullStr Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
title_short Optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield through Sinorhizobium meliloti and Piriformospora indica inoculation
title_sort optimizing copper phytoremediation and mung bean vigna radiata l yield through sinorhizobium meliloti and piriformospora indica inoculation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01681-0
work_keys_str_mv AT zahraamiriyanchelan optimizingcopperphytoremediationandmungbeanvignaradiatalyieldthroughsinorhizobiummelilotiandpiriformosporaindicainoculation
AT rouhollahamini optimizingcopperphytoremediationandmungbeanvignaradiatalyieldthroughsinorhizobiummelilotiandpiriformosporaindicainoculation
AT adeldabbaghmohammadinasab optimizingcopperphytoremediationandmungbeanvignaradiatalyieldthroughsinorhizobiummelilotiandpiriformosporaindicainoculation