Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan
Abstract There is a lack of studies from low- and middle-income countries on systemic antiviral consumption (SAC). This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of nationwide antiviral consumption trends in Kazakhstan over a period of 7 years. The defined daily doses per 100...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05161-3 |
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| author | Yuliya Semenova Assiya Kussainova Laura Kassym Ainur Aimurziyeva Daniil Semenov Larissa Makalkina Nurgul Aldiyarova Andrey Avdeyev Lisa Lim |
| author_facet | Yuliya Semenova Assiya Kussainova Laura Kassym Ainur Aimurziyeva Daniil Semenov Larissa Makalkina Nurgul Aldiyarova Andrey Avdeyev Lisa Lim |
| author_sort | Yuliya Semenova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract There is a lack of studies from low- and middle-income countries on systemic antiviral consumption (SAC). This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of nationwide antiviral consumption trends in Kazakhstan over a period of 7 years. The defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day approach was utilized. Time series analyses were applied to analyze historical trends in SAC, evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and make future projections until 2030. The total SAC increased over the study period, with an annual growth rate of 10.24%. Overall, the antivirals that exhibited the most substantial increases in consumption after 2020 were anti-herpes, anti-HBV/HCV, and anti-influenza agents. Predictive modeling indicated that future expenditures on antivirals will remain stable in the hospital sector, both in absolute terms and per million population (pmp) rates, but are likely to increase in the community sector, both in absolute terms and pmp rates. The study’s findings have important implications for public health policy and resource allocation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6618d966dda84f43a10b0293d8caa4ab |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-6618d966dda84f43a10b0293d8caa4ab2025-08-20T03:03:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-05161-3Systemic antiviral consumption in KazakhstanYuliya Semenova0Assiya Kussainova1Laura Kassym2Ainur Aimurziyeva3Daniil Semenov4Larissa Makalkina5Nurgul Aldiyarova6Andrey Avdeyev7Lisa Lim8School of Medicine, Nazarbayev UniversitySchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev UniversitySchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev UniversitySchool of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev UniversityAstana IT UniversityAstana Medical UniversityAstana Medical UniversityMedical Center Hospital of the President’s affairs Administration of the Republic of KazakhstanGraduate School of Public Policy, Nazarbayev UniversityAbstract There is a lack of studies from low- and middle-income countries on systemic antiviral consumption (SAC). This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of nationwide antiviral consumption trends in Kazakhstan over a period of 7 years. The defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day approach was utilized. Time series analyses were applied to analyze historical trends in SAC, evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and make future projections until 2030. The total SAC increased over the study period, with an annual growth rate of 10.24%. Overall, the antivirals that exhibited the most substantial increases in consumption after 2020 were anti-herpes, anti-HBV/HCV, and anti-influenza agents. Predictive modeling indicated that future expenditures on antivirals will remain stable in the hospital sector, both in absolute terms and per million population (pmp) rates, but are likely to increase in the community sector, both in absolute terms and pmp rates. The study’s findings have important implications for public health policy and resource allocation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05161-3Antiviral agentsConsumptionAntimicrobial stewardshipTime seriesKazakhstan |
| spellingShingle | Yuliya Semenova Assiya Kussainova Laura Kassym Ainur Aimurziyeva Daniil Semenov Larissa Makalkina Nurgul Aldiyarova Andrey Avdeyev Lisa Lim Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan Scientific Reports Antiviral agents Consumption Antimicrobial stewardship Time series Kazakhstan |
| title | Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan |
| title_full | Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan |
| title_fullStr | Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan |
| title_short | Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan |
| title_sort | systemic antiviral consumption in kazakhstan |
| topic | Antiviral agents Consumption Antimicrobial stewardship Time series Kazakhstan |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05161-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuliyasemenova systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT assiyakussainova systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT laurakassym systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT ainuraimurziyeva systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT daniilsemenov systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT larissamakalkina systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT nurgulaldiyarova systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT andreyavdeyev systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan AT lisalim systemicantiviralconsumptioninkazakhstan |