Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus

Abstract Our research focuses on semen collection from 42 African penguin males, grouped by age, habituation levels, and reproductive season timing. We assess behavioral and physiological responses to dorso-abdominal massage, evaluating species-specific seminal traits using conventional and advanced...

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Main Authors: Paweł Borecki, Anna Mucha, Wojciech Niżański, Agnieszka Partyka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76303-2
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author Paweł Borecki
Anna Mucha
Wojciech Niżański
Agnieszka Partyka
author_facet Paweł Borecki
Anna Mucha
Wojciech Niżański
Agnieszka Partyka
author_sort Paweł Borecki
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Our research focuses on semen collection from 42 African penguin males, grouped by age, habituation levels, and reproductive season timing. We assess behavioral and physiological responses to dorso-abdominal massage, evaluating species-specific seminal traits using conventional and advanced methods. Positive behavioral responses corresponded with successful semen collection. Young and human-reared males exhibited more favorable behaviors, and samples containing spermatozoa were more likely collected during the reproductive season. Age did not influence sample collectability or spermatozoa presence, though mature males produced higher semen volumes. Young males exhibited more sperm morphological abnormalities, especially outside the breeding season. Sperm concentration and number per ejaculate showed no significant differences across age or seasonal groups. Young males had higher motile and progressive sperm percentages, while mature males had more static sperm. Additionally, percentages of live sperm and intact acrosomes were higher in mature males. Young males and samples from non-reproductive season presented more dead sperm with damaged acrosomes. Plasma membrane integrity positively correlated with age for live sperm and negatively for dying sperm. This research demonstrates the feasibility of semen collection from African penguins regardless of habituation level, fills the knowledge gap by describing sperm morphological abnormalities, and provides insights into using flow cytometry in Sphenisciformes.
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spelling doaj-art-6616e3ca53e645d4b6aea640d8e03ace2025-08-20T02:17:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111410.1038/s41598-024-76303-2Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersusPaweł Borecki0Anna Mucha1Wojciech Niżański2Agnieszka Partyka3Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract Our research focuses on semen collection from 42 African penguin males, grouped by age, habituation levels, and reproductive season timing. We assess behavioral and physiological responses to dorso-abdominal massage, evaluating species-specific seminal traits using conventional and advanced methods. Positive behavioral responses corresponded with successful semen collection. Young and human-reared males exhibited more favorable behaviors, and samples containing spermatozoa were more likely collected during the reproductive season. Age did not influence sample collectability or spermatozoa presence, though mature males produced higher semen volumes. Young males exhibited more sperm morphological abnormalities, especially outside the breeding season. Sperm concentration and number per ejaculate showed no significant differences across age or seasonal groups. Young males had higher motile and progressive sperm percentages, while mature males had more static sperm. Additionally, percentages of live sperm and intact acrosomes were higher in mature males. Young males and samples from non-reproductive season presented more dead sperm with damaged acrosomes. Plasma membrane integrity positively correlated with age for live sperm and negatively for dying sperm. This research demonstrates the feasibility of semen collection from African penguins regardless of habituation level, fills the knowledge gap by describing sperm morphological abnormalities, and provides insights into using flow cytometry in Sphenisciformes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76303-2African penguinSemen collectionSemen assessmentSperm morphologyCASAFlow cytometry
spellingShingle Paweł Borecki
Anna Mucha
Wojciech Niżański
Agnieszka Partyka
Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
Scientific Reports
African penguin
Semen collection
Semen assessment
Sperm morphology
CASA
Flow cytometry
title Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
title_full Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
title_fullStr Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
title_full_unstemmed Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
title_short Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus
title_sort factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in african penguins spheniscus demersus
topic African penguin
Semen collection
Semen assessment
Sperm morphology
CASA
Flow cytometry
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76303-2
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AT wojciechnizanski factorsdeterminingsemensamplecollectionandsemenqualityparametersinafricanpenguinsspheniscusdemersus
AT agnieszkapartyka factorsdeterminingsemensamplecollectionandsemenqualityparametersinafricanpenguinsspheniscusdemersus