Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review
<b>Background</b>: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant public health threat in Central Asia, where rising resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs challenges control efforts. As of 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 2.5% of new TB cases...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/673 |
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| author | Ulan Kozhamkulov Sholpan Iglikova Anar Rakisheva Joseph Almazan |
| author_facet | Ulan Kozhamkulov Sholpan Iglikova Anar Rakisheva Joseph Almazan |
| author_sort | Ulan Kozhamkulov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant public health threat in Central Asia, where rising resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs challenges control efforts. As of 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 2.5% of new TB cases and 18% of previously treated cases are resistant to first-line TB drugs worldwide. <b>Objectives</b>: This integrative review synthesizes current evidence on MDR-TB in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, with a focus on infection control, diagnostic advancements, and evolving treatment strategies. <b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 29 articles from Central Asian countries met the inclusion criteria. <b>Results</b>: Four main themes were identified: “genetic variability and resistance patterns of MDR-TB strains”; “barriers to effective treatment”; “diagnostic tools”, and “infection control strategies”. <b>Conclusions</b>: This review underscores the importance of comprehensive, multifactorial approaches in addressing drug-resistant TB in the region. The implementation of early diagnosis and all-oral treatment regimens has improved adherence in recent studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-660907baab7f4d8395a7f40c241b3cfa |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-660907baab7f4d8395a7f40c241b3cfa2025-08-20T02:45:52ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-07-0114767310.3390/antibiotics14070673Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative ReviewUlan Kozhamkulov0Sholpan Iglikova1Anar Rakisheva2Joseph Almazan3Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNational Scientific Center of Phthisiopulmonology of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanDepartment of Phthisiopulmonology, School of General Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan<b>Background</b>: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant public health threat in Central Asia, where rising resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs challenges control efforts. As of 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 2.5% of new TB cases and 18% of previously treated cases are resistant to first-line TB drugs worldwide. <b>Objectives</b>: This integrative review synthesizes current evidence on MDR-TB in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, with a focus on infection control, diagnostic advancements, and evolving treatment strategies. <b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 29 articles from Central Asian countries met the inclusion criteria. <b>Results</b>: Four main themes were identified: “genetic variability and resistance patterns of MDR-TB strains”; “barriers to effective treatment”; “diagnostic tools”, and “infection control strategies”. <b>Conclusions</b>: This review underscores the importance of comprehensive, multifactorial approaches in addressing drug-resistant TB in the region. The implementation of early diagnosis and all-oral treatment regimens has improved adherence in recent studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/673tuberculosismultidrug-resistant TBBeijing genotypeCentral Asiawhole genome sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Ulan Kozhamkulov Sholpan Iglikova Anar Rakisheva Joseph Almazan Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review Antibiotics tuberculosis multidrug-resistant TB Beijing genotype Central Asia whole genome sequencing |
| title | Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review |
| title_full | Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review |
| title_short | Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review |
| title_sort | multidrug resistant tuberculosis in central asia and predominant beijing lineage challenges in diagnosis treatment barriers and infection control strategies an integrative review |
| topic | tuberculosis multidrug-resistant TB Beijing genotype Central Asia whole genome sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/673 |
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