A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers

This study addresses the control challenges associated with loading low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide carriers (LCO2Cs), which are crucial components of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. It explores the need for stable pressure and temperature control to prevent dry ice for...

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Main Authors: Soon-Kyu Hwang, Sang-Taek Im, Jong-Kap Ahn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5739
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author Soon-Kyu Hwang
Sang-Taek Im
Jong-Kap Ahn
author_facet Soon-Kyu Hwang
Sang-Taek Im
Jong-Kap Ahn
author_sort Soon-Kyu Hwang
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the control challenges associated with loading low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide carriers (LCO2Cs), which are crucial components of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. It explores the need for stable pressure and temperature control to prevent dry ice formation and ensure efficient cargo handling. The research employed HYSYS dynamic simulations to assess three different control strategies. The simulations assessed each strategy’s effectiveness in maintaining stable operating conditions and preventing risks, such as dry ice formation and valve blockages. The study concluded by examining the necessity of pressurization for safe and efficient LCO<sub>2</sub> loading and by determining which control strategy is most effective and reliable based on the simulation outcomes. Among the three scenarios examined, Case A, which utilized two control valves, exhibited initial instability due to significant flow coefficient differences, resulting in temperature drops below the CO<sub>2</sub> triple point and increasing the risk of dry ice formation. Case C, operating without pressurization, experienced severe pressure fluctuations and prolonged exposure to temperatures below the triple point, posing risks of valve blockages. In contrast, Case B, which uses a remote pressure-reducing valve and a control valve, demonstrated the most stable performance, effectively avoiding dry ice formation and pressure fluctuations, making it the most reliable method for safe LCO<sub>2</sub> cargo loading.
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spelling doaj-art-6601c4b8993040dcbb9f81a4a95c19f22025-08-20T01:53:45ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-11-011722573910.3390/en17225739A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide CarriersSoon-Kyu Hwang0Sang-Taek Im1Jong-Kap Ahn2Proteus TFT, Hanwha Ocean, Seoul 04541, Republic of KoreaAdvanced Propulsion Technology Development Team, Hanwha Ocean, Siheung-si 15011, Republic of KoreaTraining Ship Operation Center, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Republic of KoreaThis study addresses the control challenges associated with loading low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide carriers (LCO2Cs), which are crucial components of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain. It explores the need for stable pressure and temperature control to prevent dry ice formation and ensure efficient cargo handling. The research employed HYSYS dynamic simulations to assess three different control strategies. The simulations assessed each strategy’s effectiveness in maintaining stable operating conditions and preventing risks, such as dry ice formation and valve blockages. The study concluded by examining the necessity of pressurization for safe and efficient LCO<sub>2</sub> loading and by determining which control strategy is most effective and reliable based on the simulation outcomes. Among the three scenarios examined, Case A, which utilized two control valves, exhibited initial instability due to significant flow coefficient differences, resulting in temperature drops below the CO<sub>2</sub> triple point and increasing the risk of dry ice formation. Case C, operating without pressurization, experienced severe pressure fluctuations and prolonged exposure to temperatures below the triple point, posing risks of valve blockages. In contrast, Case B, which uses a remote pressure-reducing valve and a control valve, demonstrated the most stable performance, effectively avoiding dry ice formation and pressure fluctuations, making it the most reliable method for safe LCO<sub>2</sub> cargo loading.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5739LCO2Ccarbon capturecarbon dioxideinventory controlloadingtriple point
spellingShingle Soon-Kyu Hwang
Sang-Taek Im
Jong-Kap Ahn
A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
Energies
LCO2C
carbon capture
carbon dioxide
inventory control
loading
triple point
title A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
title_full A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
title_fullStr A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
title_full_unstemmed A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
title_short A Strategy for Reliable Cargo Loading of Low-Pressure Liquid Carbon Dioxide Carriers
title_sort strategy for reliable cargo loading of low pressure liquid carbon dioxide carriers
topic LCO2C
carbon capture
carbon dioxide
inventory control
loading
triple point
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5739
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