Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors

Objectives To investigate authors’ awareness and use of authorship guidelines, and to assess their perceptions of the fairness of authorship decisions.Design A cross-sectional online survey.Setting and participants Corresponding authors of research papers submitted in 2014 to 18 BMJ journals.Results...

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Main Authors: Sara Schroter, Tobias Kurth, Ilaria Montagni, M Eikermann, Elke Schäffner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-09-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e036899.full
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author Sara Schroter
Tobias Kurth
Ilaria Montagni
M Eikermann
Elke Schäffner
author_facet Sara Schroter
Tobias Kurth
Ilaria Montagni
M Eikermann
Elke Schäffner
author_sort Sara Schroter
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To investigate authors’ awareness and use of authorship guidelines, and to assess their perceptions of the fairness of authorship decisions.Design A cross-sectional online survey.Setting and participants Corresponding authors of research papers submitted in 2014 to 18 BMJ journals.Results 3859/12 646 (31%) researchers responded. They worked in 93 countries and varied in research experience. Of these, 1326 (34%) reported their institution had an authorship policy providing criteria for authorship; 2871 (74%) were ‘very familiar’ with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ authorship criteria and 3358 (87%) reported that guidelines were beneficial when preparing manuscripts. Furthermore, 2609 (68%) reported that their use was ‘sometimes’ or ‘frequently’ encouraged in their research setting. However, 2859 respondents (74%) reported that they had been involved in a study at least once where someone was added as an author who had not contributed substantially (honorary authorship), and 1305 (34%) where someone was not listed as an author but had contributed substantially (ghost authorship). Only 740 (19%) reported that they had never experienced either honorary or ghost authorship; 1115 (29%) reported that they had experienced both at least once. There was no clear pattern in experience of authorship misappropriation by continent. For their last coauthored article, 2187 (57%) reported that explicit authorship criteria had been used to determine eligibility, and 3088 (80%) felt that the decision made was fair. When institutions frequently encouraged use of authorship guidelines, authorship eligibility was more likely to be discussed early (817 of 1410, 58%) and perceived as fairer (1273 of 1410, 90%) compared with infrequent encouragement (974 of 2449, 40%, and 1891 of 2449, 74%).Conclusions Despite a high level of awareness of authorship guidelines and criteria, these are not so widely used; more explicit encouragement of their use by institutions may result in more favourable use of guidelines by authors.
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spelling doaj-art-6600c088e9b34fe4958de8e7386fd49f2025-08-20T02:44:28ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552020-09-0110910.1136/bmjopen-2020-036899Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authorsSara Schroter0Tobias Kurth1Ilaria Montagni2M Eikermann3Elke Schäffner4senior researcherprofessorBordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, FranceDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USAInstitute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyObjectives To investigate authors’ awareness and use of authorship guidelines, and to assess their perceptions of the fairness of authorship decisions.Design A cross-sectional online survey.Setting and participants Corresponding authors of research papers submitted in 2014 to 18 BMJ journals.Results 3859/12 646 (31%) researchers responded. They worked in 93 countries and varied in research experience. Of these, 1326 (34%) reported their institution had an authorship policy providing criteria for authorship; 2871 (74%) were ‘very familiar’ with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ authorship criteria and 3358 (87%) reported that guidelines were beneficial when preparing manuscripts. Furthermore, 2609 (68%) reported that their use was ‘sometimes’ or ‘frequently’ encouraged in their research setting. However, 2859 respondents (74%) reported that they had been involved in a study at least once where someone was added as an author who had not contributed substantially (honorary authorship), and 1305 (34%) where someone was not listed as an author but had contributed substantially (ghost authorship). Only 740 (19%) reported that they had never experienced either honorary or ghost authorship; 1115 (29%) reported that they had experienced both at least once. There was no clear pattern in experience of authorship misappropriation by continent. For their last coauthored article, 2187 (57%) reported that explicit authorship criteria had been used to determine eligibility, and 3088 (80%) felt that the decision made was fair. When institutions frequently encouraged use of authorship guidelines, authorship eligibility was more likely to be discussed early (817 of 1410, 58%) and perceived as fairer (1273 of 1410, 90%) compared with infrequent encouragement (974 of 2449, 40%, and 1891 of 2449, 74%).Conclusions Despite a high level of awareness of authorship guidelines and criteria, these are not so widely used; more explicit encouragement of their use by institutions may result in more favourable use of guidelines by authors.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e036899.full
spellingShingle Sara Schroter
Tobias Kurth
Ilaria Montagni
M Eikermann
Elke Schäffner
Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
BMJ Open
title Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
title_full Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
title_fullStr Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
title_full_unstemmed Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
title_short Awareness, usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines: an international survey of biomedical authors
title_sort awareness usage and perceptions of authorship guidelines an international survey of biomedical authors
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e036899.full
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