Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter

Abstract Exact analytic calculation shows that optimal control protocols for passive molecular systems often involve rapid variations and discontinuities. However, similar analytic baselines are not generally available for active-matter systems, because it is more difficult to treat active systems e...

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Main Authors: Corneel Casert, Stephen Whitelam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52878-2
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author Corneel Casert
Stephen Whitelam
author_facet Corneel Casert
Stephen Whitelam
author_sort Corneel Casert
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Exact analytic calculation shows that optimal control protocols for passive molecular systems often involve rapid variations and discontinuities. However, similar analytic baselines are not generally available for active-matter systems, because it is more difficult to treat active systems exactly. Here we use machine learning to derive efficient control protocols for active-matter systems, and find that they are characterized by sharp features similar to those seen in passive systems. We show that it is possible to learn protocols that effect fast and efficient state-to-state transformations in simulation models of active particles by encoding the protocol in the form of a neural network. We use evolutionary methods to identify protocols that take active particles from one steady state to another, as quickly as possible or with as little energy expended as possible. Our results show that protocols identified by a flexible neural-network ansatz, which allows the optimization of multiple control parameters and the emergence of sharp features, are more efficient than protocols derived recently by constrained analytical methods. Our learning scheme is straightforward to use in experiment, suggesting a way of designing protocols for the efficient manipulation of active matter in the laboratory.
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spelling doaj-art-65ea9746774d4ab3ab0e63e42673e32c2025-08-20T02:11:25ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-10-011511910.1038/s41467-024-52878-2Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matterCorneel Casert0Stephen Whitelam1Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAbstract Exact analytic calculation shows that optimal control protocols for passive molecular systems often involve rapid variations and discontinuities. However, similar analytic baselines are not generally available for active-matter systems, because it is more difficult to treat active systems exactly. Here we use machine learning to derive efficient control protocols for active-matter systems, and find that they are characterized by sharp features similar to those seen in passive systems. We show that it is possible to learn protocols that effect fast and efficient state-to-state transformations in simulation models of active particles by encoding the protocol in the form of a neural network. We use evolutionary methods to identify protocols that take active particles from one steady state to another, as quickly as possible or with as little energy expended as possible. Our results show that protocols identified by a flexible neural-network ansatz, which allows the optimization of multiple control parameters and the emergence of sharp features, are more efficient than protocols derived recently by constrained analytical methods. Our learning scheme is straightforward to use in experiment, suggesting a way of designing protocols for the efficient manipulation of active matter in the laboratory.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52878-2
spellingShingle Corneel Casert
Stephen Whitelam
Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
Nature Communications
title Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
title_full Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
title_fullStr Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
title_full_unstemmed Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
title_short Learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
title_sort learning protocols for the fast and efficient control of active matter
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52878-2
work_keys_str_mv AT corneelcasert learningprotocolsforthefastandefficientcontrolofactivematter
AT stephenwhitelam learningprotocolsforthefastandefficientcontrolofactivematter