Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024
Abstract The risk of extreme precipitation and flooding has increased in India due to climate change. During the 2024 summer monsoon season, three major extreme precipitation events occurred across the western, southern, and northern states of India, leading to widespread flooding in these regions....
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Earth's Future |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005497 |
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| author | Dipesh Singh Chuphal Iqura Malik Rajesh Singh Gayathri Vangala M. Niranjannaik Urmin Vegad Nandana Dilip K Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay J. P. Selvan Vivek Kapadia Vimal Mishra |
| author_facet | Dipesh Singh Chuphal Iqura Malik Rajesh Singh Gayathri Vangala M. Niranjannaik Urmin Vegad Nandana Dilip K Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay J. P. Selvan Vivek Kapadia Vimal Mishra |
| author_sort | Dipesh Singh Chuphal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The risk of extreme precipitation and flooding has increased in India due to climate change. During the 2024 summer monsoon season, three major extreme precipitation events occurred across the western, southern, and northern states of India, leading to widespread flooding in these regions. We examine the causes and impacts of extreme precipitation and flood events using a combination of observational data, reanalysis data sets, and hydrological models. In all the three regions, extreme rainfall occurred immediately after multiday continuous precipitation, resulting in catastrophic flooding. The 3‐day extreme precipitation that caused flooding in the three regions had return periods of more than 75 years, 100 years, and 200 years, respectively. The primary moisture sources for the Gujarat floods were the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, while the floods in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were mainly sourced by the Bay of Bengal. For the floods in northern India, the dominant moisture sources were recycled land moisture and moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal. These moisture inflows, coupled with favorable atmospheric conditions, resulted in multiday extreme precipitation in the three regions. Saturated soil moisture conditions before the extreme precipitation contributed to high runoff, triggering extensive flooding in all the three regions. Our findings highlight the growing challenge of managing such extreme events as their frequency and intensity are projected to increase under a warming climate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-65d48d6a1a894e149e7b1206eb2f1f5c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2328-4277 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth's Future |
| spelling | doaj-art-65d48d6a1a894e149e7b1206eb2f1f5c2025-08-20T02:30:05ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-05-01135n/an/a10.1029/2024EF005497Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024Dipesh Singh Chuphal0Iqura Malik1Rajesh Singh2Gayathri Vangala3M. Niranjannaik4Urmin Vegad5Nandana Dilip K6Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay7J. P. Selvan8Vivek Kapadia9Vimal Mishra10Discipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences IISER Berhampur IndiaIndian Meteorological Society (IMS) Chennai IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaDiscipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gandhinagar IndiaAbstract The risk of extreme precipitation and flooding has increased in India due to climate change. During the 2024 summer monsoon season, three major extreme precipitation events occurred across the western, southern, and northern states of India, leading to widespread flooding in these regions. We examine the causes and impacts of extreme precipitation and flood events using a combination of observational data, reanalysis data sets, and hydrological models. In all the three regions, extreme rainfall occurred immediately after multiday continuous precipitation, resulting in catastrophic flooding. The 3‐day extreme precipitation that caused flooding in the three regions had return periods of more than 75 years, 100 years, and 200 years, respectively. The primary moisture sources for the Gujarat floods were the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, while the floods in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were mainly sourced by the Bay of Bengal. For the floods in northern India, the dominant moisture sources were recycled land moisture and moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal. These moisture inflows, coupled with favorable atmospheric conditions, resulted in multiday extreme precipitation in the three regions. Saturated soil moisture conditions before the extreme precipitation contributed to high runoff, triggering extensive flooding in all the three regions. Our findings highlight the growing challenge of managing such extreme events as their frequency and intensity are projected to increase under a warming climate.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005497floodsmonsoonextreme precipitationmoisture sourceflood extent |
| spellingShingle | Dipesh Singh Chuphal Iqura Malik Rajesh Singh Gayathri Vangala M. Niranjannaik Urmin Vegad Nandana Dilip K Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay J. P. Selvan Vivek Kapadia Vimal Mishra Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 Earth's Future floods monsoon extreme precipitation moisture source flood extent |
| title | Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 |
| title_full | Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 |
| title_fullStr | Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 |
| title_short | Multi‐Day Extreme Precipitation Caused Major Floods in India During Summer Monsoon of 2024 |
| title_sort | multi day extreme precipitation caused major floods in india during summer monsoon of 2024 |
| topic | floods monsoon extreme precipitation moisture source flood extent |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005497 |
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