The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand
This study examines the spatial relationship of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations across provinces in Thailand and explores the relationship between socio-economic factors and PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels from 2012 to 2022. The study results indicate that PM<sub>2.5</sub>...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Urban Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/4/110 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850180264643264512 |
|---|---|
| author | Thanakhom Srisaringkarn Kentaka Aruga |
| author_facet | Thanakhom Srisaringkarn Kentaka Aruga |
| author_sort | Thanakhom Srisaringkarn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examines the spatial relationship of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations across provinces in Thailand and explores the relationship between socio-economic factors and PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels from 2012 to 2022. The study results indicate that PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in Thailand is spatially clustered, meaning that PM<sub>2.5</sub> spills over into nearby provinces and is not confined to a single area. The factors that positively affect PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations include population density and energy consumption per capita, while industrial density has a negative effect on PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels. Additionally, an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) analysis found that the Gross Provincial Product (GPP) per capita has a U-shaped relationship with the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. In the initial stage of economic growth, as the GPP per capita increases, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations gradually decrease. However, once income reaches USD 56,715 and the economy becomes significantly large, further increases in GPP per capita lead to rising PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. In other words, during the early phase of economic development, PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution does not intensify significantly. However, once Thailand’s economy reaches a certain scale, continued economic expansion exacerbates PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution, leading to greater economic and social consequences. The study highlights the importance of integrated collaboration among various organizations in mitigating the widespread impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-65b7164e763d405b8d4e3216fa7eb8dd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2413-8851 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Urban Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-65b7164e763d405b8d4e3216fa7eb8dd2025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGUrban Science2413-88512025-04-019411010.3390/urbansci9040110The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in ThailandThanakhom Srisaringkarn0Kentaka Aruga1Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, JapanGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, JapanThis study examines the spatial relationship of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations across provinces in Thailand and explores the relationship between socio-economic factors and PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels from 2012 to 2022. The study results indicate that PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in Thailand is spatially clustered, meaning that PM<sub>2.5</sub> spills over into nearby provinces and is not confined to a single area. The factors that positively affect PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations include population density and energy consumption per capita, while industrial density has a negative effect on PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels. Additionally, an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) analysis found that the Gross Provincial Product (GPP) per capita has a U-shaped relationship with the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. In the initial stage of economic growth, as the GPP per capita increases, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations gradually decrease. However, once income reaches USD 56,715 and the economy becomes significantly large, further increases in GPP per capita lead to rising PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. In other words, during the early phase of economic development, PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution does not intensify significantly. However, once Thailand’s economy reaches a certain scale, continued economic expansion exacerbates PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution, leading to greater economic and social consequences. The study highlights the importance of integrated collaboration among various organizations in mitigating the widespread impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/4/110PM<sub>2.5</sub>satellite dataGoogle Earth Enginespatiotemporal characteristicsspatial econometricsEnvironmental Kuznets Curve |
| spellingShingle | Thanakhom Srisaringkarn Kentaka Aruga The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand Urban Science PM<sub>2.5</sub> satellite data Google Earth Engine spatiotemporal characteristics spatial econometrics Environmental Kuznets Curve |
| title | The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand |
| title_full | The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand |
| title_short | The Spatial Impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Pollution on Economic Growth from 2012 to 2022: Evidence from Satellite and Provincial-Level Data in Thailand |
| title_sort | spatial impact of pm sub 2 5 sub pollution on economic growth from 2012 to 2022 evidence from satellite and provincial level data in thailand |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> satellite data Google Earth Engine spatiotemporal characteristics spatial econometrics Environmental Kuznets Curve |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/4/110 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thanakhomsrisaringkarn thespatialimpactofpmsub25subpollutiononeconomicgrowthfrom2012to2022evidencefromsatelliteandprovincialleveldatainthailand AT kentakaaruga thespatialimpactofpmsub25subpollutiononeconomicgrowthfrom2012to2022evidencefromsatelliteandprovincialleveldatainthailand AT thanakhomsrisaringkarn spatialimpactofpmsub25subpollutiononeconomicgrowthfrom2012to2022evidencefromsatelliteandprovincialleveldatainthailand AT kentakaaruga spatialimpactofpmsub25subpollutiononeconomicgrowthfrom2012to2022evidencefromsatelliteandprovincialleveldatainthailand |