Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on selective muscle activation of the shoulder girdle during the barbell bench press. Specifically, this research focused on how attentional focus on individual muscles, such a...

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Main Authors: Katarzyna Strońska-Garbień, Artur Terbalyan, Mariola Gepfert, Robert Roczniok, Miłosz Drozd, Artur Gołaś, Adam Zając
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/218
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author Katarzyna Strońska-Garbień
Artur Terbalyan
Mariola Gepfert
Robert Roczniok
Miłosz Drozd
Artur Gołaś
Adam Zając
author_facet Katarzyna Strońska-Garbień
Artur Terbalyan
Mariola Gepfert
Robert Roczniok
Miłosz Drozd
Artur Gołaś
Adam Zając
author_sort Katarzyna Strońska-Garbień
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on selective muscle activation of the shoulder girdle during the barbell bench press. Specifically, this research focused on how attentional focus on individual muscles, such as the anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii long (TBL), could influence their electromyographic (EMG) activity during the exercise. <b>Methods</b>: Twelve male participants, with at least five years of strength training experience, performed bench press exercises under two conditions: with extrinsic motivation (no specific focus on muscle activity) and with intrinsic motivation (internal focus on specific muscles). Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure muscle activity during three sets of bench presses at 60% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Participants were instructed to focus on the activation of specific muscles in a randomized sequence. <b>Results</b>: The intrinsic motivation condition significantly increased muscle activation compared to extrinsic motivation. Electromyographic activity of the AD, PM, and TBL muscles was notably higher when participants focused their attention on these muscles. AD activation increased from 71.78 ± 11.13%MVC (extrinsic) to 88.03 ± 8.84%MVC (intrinsic) (<i>p</i> = 0.0019), while PM and TBL activation also demonstrated significant increases under intrinsic focus. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study concludes that intrinsic motivation, or an internal focus on specific muscle activation, can significantly enhance EMG activity in target muscles during the bench press exercise. This finding has important implications for resistance training and rehabilitation, where focused muscle activation can be utilized to improve training outcomes and muscle engagement.
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spelling doaj-art-6597375d999f459cb8bc4adfc48912b02024-12-27T14:32:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422024-11-019421810.3390/jfmk9040218Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press ExerciseKatarzyna Strońska-Garbień0Artur Terbalyan1Mariola Gepfert2Robert Roczniok3Miłosz Drozd4Artur Gołaś5Adam Zając6Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on selective muscle activation of the shoulder girdle during the barbell bench press. Specifically, this research focused on how attentional focus on individual muscles, such as the anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii long (TBL), could influence their electromyographic (EMG) activity during the exercise. <b>Methods</b>: Twelve male participants, with at least five years of strength training experience, performed bench press exercises under two conditions: with extrinsic motivation (no specific focus on muscle activity) and with intrinsic motivation (internal focus on specific muscles). Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure muscle activity during three sets of bench presses at 60% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Participants were instructed to focus on the activation of specific muscles in a randomized sequence. <b>Results</b>: The intrinsic motivation condition significantly increased muscle activation compared to extrinsic motivation. Electromyographic activity of the AD, PM, and TBL muscles was notably higher when participants focused their attention on these muscles. AD activation increased from 71.78 ± 11.13%MVC (extrinsic) to 88.03 ± 8.84%MVC (intrinsic) (<i>p</i> = 0.0019), while PM and TBL activation also demonstrated significant increases under intrinsic focus. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study concludes that intrinsic motivation, or an internal focus on specific muscle activation, can significantly enhance EMG activity in target muscles during the bench press exercise. This finding has important implications for resistance training and rehabilitation, where focused muscle activation can be utilized to improve training outcomes and muscle engagement.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/218electromyographyresistance trainingselective recruitment
spellingShingle Katarzyna Strońska-Garbień
Artur Terbalyan
Mariola Gepfert
Robert Roczniok
Miłosz Drozd
Artur Gołaś
Adam Zając
Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
electromyography
resistance training
selective recruitment
title Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
title_full Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
title_fullStr Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
title_short Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise
title_sort effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on selective activation of shoulder girdle muscles during the barbell bench press exercise
topic electromyography
resistance training
selective recruitment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/218
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