Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) offer a unique platform for a surveillance network for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes extracted from electronic medical records. Objectives: Test the diagnostic accuracy of the I26 ''leader&...

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Main Authors: Jeffrey A. Kline, Jesse O. Wrenn, Mazin F. Alam, Alexis N. Drinkhorn, Conner D. Slotnick, Fawas Shaman, Christopher E. Conn, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Christopher Kabrhel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037925002249
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author Jeffrey A. Kline
Jesse O. Wrenn
Mazin F. Alam
Alexis N. Drinkhorn
Conner D. Slotnick
Fawas Shaman
Christopher E. Conn
Steven J. Korzeniewski
Christopher Kabrhel
author_facet Jeffrey A. Kline
Jesse O. Wrenn
Mazin F. Alam
Alexis N. Drinkhorn
Conner D. Slotnick
Fawas Shaman
Christopher E. Conn
Steven J. Korzeniewski
Christopher Kabrhel
author_sort Jeffrey A. Kline
collection DOAJ
description Background: Emergency departments (EDs) offer a unique platform for a surveillance network for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes extracted from electronic medical records. Objectives: Test the diagnostic accuracy of the I26 ''leader'' ICD-10 code for the detection of PE in near real-time in a large, ED-based surveillance network. Methods: Standardized structured language queries were deployed at 91 hospitals to extract data, including ICD-10 codes, on a weekly basis from electronic medical records on ED patients with acute respiratory complaints. We used 2 methods for coding computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) reports to derive a criterion or gold standard for PE diagnosis: (1) research associates were trained to interpret the CTPA reports, and (2) a validated Regular Expression computer program was used to interpret PE on CTPA reports. These 2 methods were independently adjudicated (PE+ or PE−). The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy of the I26 leader compared with the final adjudication. Results: From 6448 valid CTPA scan reports, 442 (6.8%) were adjudicated as PE+. On a weekly basis, the I26 leader had a sensitivity of 50.9% (95% CI, 46.1%-55.6%) and a specificity of 99.7% (95% CI, 99.5%-99.8%), likelihood ratio (LR) negative of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.44-0.54) and LR positive of 191 (95% CI, 116-12). At 1 month, the I26 sensitivity was 57.5% (95% CI, 52.7%-62.1%), and specificity was 99.5% (95% CI, 99.2%-99.6%); LRnegative of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.38-0.47) and LRpositive of 111 (95% CI, 77-159). Conclusion: For low-latency surveillance of PE diagnosed in EDs, the ICD leader code I26 affords high specificity and high LR(+) for detection of acute PE in the United States but has modest sensitivity.
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spelling doaj-art-6592db8b8523445ab6df568347bc68f52025-08-20T03:38:19ZengElsevierResearch and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis2475-03792025-05-019410290010.1016/j.rpth.2025.102900Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance networkJeffrey A. Kline0Jesse O. Wrenn1Mazin F. Alam2Alexis N. Drinkhorn3Conner D. Slotnick4Fawas Shaman5Christopher E. Conn6Steven J. Korzeniewski7Christopher Kabrhel8Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Correspondence Jeffrey Kline, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine Dr, Detroit, MI 48201.Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USABackground: Emergency departments (EDs) offer a unique platform for a surveillance network for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) using International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes extracted from electronic medical records. Objectives: Test the diagnostic accuracy of the I26 ''leader'' ICD-10 code for the detection of PE in near real-time in a large, ED-based surveillance network. Methods: Standardized structured language queries were deployed at 91 hospitals to extract data, including ICD-10 codes, on a weekly basis from electronic medical records on ED patients with acute respiratory complaints. We used 2 methods for coding computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) reports to derive a criterion or gold standard for PE diagnosis: (1) research associates were trained to interpret the CTPA reports, and (2) a validated Regular Expression computer program was used to interpret PE on CTPA reports. These 2 methods were independently adjudicated (PE+ or PE−). The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy of the I26 leader compared with the final adjudication. Results: From 6448 valid CTPA scan reports, 442 (6.8%) were adjudicated as PE+. On a weekly basis, the I26 leader had a sensitivity of 50.9% (95% CI, 46.1%-55.6%) and a specificity of 99.7% (95% CI, 99.5%-99.8%), likelihood ratio (LR) negative of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.44-0.54) and LR positive of 191 (95% CI, 116-12). At 1 month, the I26 sensitivity was 57.5% (95% CI, 52.7%-62.1%), and specificity was 99.5% (95% CI, 99.2%-99.6%); LRnegative of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.38-0.47) and LRpositive of 111 (95% CI, 77-159). Conclusion: For low-latency surveillance of PE diagnosed in EDs, the ICD leader code I26 affords high specificity and high LR(+) for detection of acute PE in the United States but has modest sensitivity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037925002249diagnosisemergency medicineelectronic health recordsepidemiologypulmonary embolismsurveillance
spellingShingle Jeffrey A. Kline
Jesse O. Wrenn
Mazin F. Alam
Alexis N. Drinkhorn
Conner D. Slotnick
Fawas Shaman
Christopher E. Conn
Steven J. Korzeniewski
Christopher Kabrhel
Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
diagnosis
emergency medicine
electronic health records
epidemiology
pulmonary embolism
surveillance
title Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
title_full Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
title_fullStr Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
title_short Diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease “I26” code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
title_sort diagnostic accuracy of the international classification of disease i26 code to detect acute pulmonary embolism in a surveillance network
topic diagnosis
emergency medicine
electronic health records
epidemiology
pulmonary embolism
surveillance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475037925002249
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