Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils

Abstract The viability of modern horticulture heavily relies on adopting sustainable practices. Understanding soil spatial variability on heavy clay soils and its impact on young trees is crucial to design suitable soil and water management strategies that guarantee the sustainability of orchards. T...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlos Ballester, Rodrigo Filev‐Maia, John Hornbuckle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20572
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850064969440165888
author Carlos Ballester
Rodrigo Filev‐Maia
John Hornbuckle
author_facet Carlos Ballester
Rodrigo Filev‐Maia
John Hornbuckle
author_sort Carlos Ballester
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The viability of modern horticulture heavily relies on adopting sustainable practices. Understanding soil spatial variability on heavy clay soils and its impact on young trees is crucial to design suitable soil and water management strategies that guarantee the sustainability of orchards. The objective of this study was to assess in an orchard with heavy clay soils of the Riverine Plain, NSW, the impact of soil spatial variability on the development of young almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) trees and evaluate the use of remote and proximal sensing tools for identifying threatening factors for the sustainability of the crop. Soil and aerial surveys were used to assess the soil and crop spatial variability in an 8.3‐ha irrigation block. The site was divided into five areas based on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements where soil samples were collected. Tree growth, soil, and plant water status were monitored in two contrasting areas in ECa. In the first year of study, a significant and positive correlation was found between ECa and percentage of ground canopy cover. Soil analysis and soil moisture monitoring revealed that high values of exchangeable sodium percentage, which are indicative of sodic soils prone to dispersion, and limited water infiltration were the cause of the reduced tree growth in areas with low ECa. The impact of soil spatial variability on tree growth decreased in the second growing season due to weather and water management factors that influenced soil water content. This study showcases the usefulness of remote and proximal sensing in assessing potential soil‐spatial‐related issues in newly established orchards as well as the impact soil spatial variability can have on tree development in the first years after planting.
format Article
id doaj-art-6584a32ac85e4b07a3b59f5711e7d2ab
institution DOAJ
issn 2639-6696
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
spelling doaj-art-6584a32ac85e4b07a3b59f5711e7d2ab2025-08-20T02:49:08ZengWileyAgrosystems, Geosciences & Environment2639-66962024-12-0174n/an/a10.1002/agg2.20572Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soilsCarlos Ballester0Rodrigo Filev‐Maia1John Hornbuckle2Irrigation Research Laboratory, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science Engineering and Buil Environment Deakin University Griffith New South Wales AustraliaIrrigation Research Laboratory, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science Engineering and Buil Environment Deakin University Griffith New South Wales AustraliaIrrigation Research Laboratory, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science Engineering and Buil Environment Deakin University Griffith New South Wales AustraliaAbstract The viability of modern horticulture heavily relies on adopting sustainable practices. Understanding soil spatial variability on heavy clay soils and its impact on young trees is crucial to design suitable soil and water management strategies that guarantee the sustainability of orchards. The objective of this study was to assess in an orchard with heavy clay soils of the Riverine Plain, NSW, the impact of soil spatial variability on the development of young almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) trees and evaluate the use of remote and proximal sensing tools for identifying threatening factors for the sustainability of the crop. Soil and aerial surveys were used to assess the soil and crop spatial variability in an 8.3‐ha irrigation block. The site was divided into five areas based on apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements where soil samples were collected. Tree growth, soil, and plant water status were monitored in two contrasting areas in ECa. In the first year of study, a significant and positive correlation was found between ECa and percentage of ground canopy cover. Soil analysis and soil moisture monitoring revealed that high values of exchangeable sodium percentage, which are indicative of sodic soils prone to dispersion, and limited water infiltration were the cause of the reduced tree growth in areas with low ECa. The impact of soil spatial variability on tree growth decreased in the second growing season due to weather and water management factors that influenced soil water content. This study showcases the usefulness of remote and proximal sensing in assessing potential soil‐spatial‐related issues in newly established orchards as well as the impact soil spatial variability can have on tree development in the first years after planting.https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20572
spellingShingle Carlos Ballester
Rodrigo Filev‐Maia
John Hornbuckle
Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
title Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
title_full Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
title_fullStr Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
title_full_unstemmed Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
title_short Impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees: A case study on heavy clay soils
title_sort impact of soil spatial variability on young almond trees a case study on heavy clay soils
url https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20572
work_keys_str_mv AT carlosballester impactofsoilspatialvariabilityonyoungalmondtreesacasestudyonheavyclaysoils
AT rodrigofilevmaia impactofsoilspatialvariabilityonyoungalmondtreesacasestudyonheavyclaysoils
AT johnhornbuckle impactofsoilspatialvariabilityonyoungalmondtreesacasestudyonheavyclaysoils