Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors
The synthesis process employed solid-state reaction methods to produce phosphors with varying CaO contents, specifically at <i>x</i> values of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. As the CaO content (represented by the <i>x</i> value) increases, the crystalline structure of Ca<...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Shu-Han Liao Xiang-Chen Cheng Fang-Tzu Hsu Cheng-Fu Yang Tung-Lung Wu |
| author_facet | Shu-Han Liao Xiang-Chen Cheng Fang-Tzu Hsu Cheng-Fu Yang Tung-Lung Wu |
| author_sort | Shu-Han Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis process employed solid-state reaction methods to produce phosphors with varying CaO contents, specifically at <i>x</i> values of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. As the CaO content (represented by the <i>x</i> value) increases, the crystalline structure of Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> + 0.01 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 0.07 ZnO compositions underwent notable transformations. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize these structural changes, and we found that CaGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, CaO, Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> were clearly identified. The diffraction intensities of CaGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CaO phases increased and those of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> decreased with the <i>x</i> value. Our findings revealed that the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra consistently peak around 340 nm across all samples, while the photoluminescence emission (PL) spectra exhibited slight variations within the range of 474–477 nm. Most notably, the intensity of both PLE and PL spectra demonstrated a non-linear relationship with CaO content, initially increasing with higher CaO concentration, reaching maximum intensity at <i>x</i> = 0.4, and subsequently decreasing as the <i>x</i> value continued to rise. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between composition, crystal structure, and luminescent behavior in Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> phosphor systems, and the theoretical mechanisms underlying these observed trends were thoroughly discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-65820a20bc2741068209edd8696effdf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-65820a20bc2741068209edd8696effdf2025-08-20T03:56:46ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-06-0112762510.3390/photonics12070625Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> PhosphorsShu-Han Liao0Xiang-Chen Cheng1Fang-Tzu Hsu2Cheng-Fu Yang3Tung-Lung Wu4Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanThe synthesis process employed solid-state reaction methods to produce phosphors with varying CaO contents, specifically at <i>x</i> values of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. As the CaO content (represented by the <i>x</i> value) increases, the crystalline structure of Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> + 0.01 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 0.07 ZnO compositions underwent notable transformations. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize these structural changes, and we found that CaGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, CaO, Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> were clearly identified. The diffraction intensities of CaGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CaO phases increased and those of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> decreased with the <i>x</i> value. Our findings revealed that the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra consistently peak around 340 nm across all samples, while the photoluminescence emission (PL) spectra exhibited slight variations within the range of 474–477 nm. Most notably, the intensity of both PLE and PL spectra demonstrated a non-linear relationship with CaO content, initially increasing with higher CaO concentration, reaching maximum intensity at <i>x</i> = 0.4, and subsequently decreasing as the <i>x</i> value continued to rise. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between composition, crystal structure, and luminescent behavior in Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> phosphor systems, and the theoretical mechanisms underlying these observed trends were thoroughly discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/7/625Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> + 0.01 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 0.07 ZnO systemCaO contentcrystalline structurephotoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectraemission (PL) spectra |
| spellingShingle | Shu-Han Liao Xiang-Chen Cheng Fang-Tzu Hsu Cheng-Fu Yang Tung-Lung Wu Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors Photonics Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> + 0.01 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 0.07 ZnO system CaO content crystalline structure photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra emission (PL) spectra |
| title | Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors |
| title_full | Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors |
| title_fullStr | Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors |
| title_short | Effect of CaO Content on the Photoluminescence Excitation and Emission Properties of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZnO-Co-Doped Ca<sub>2+<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8+<i>x</i></sub> Phosphors |
| title_sort | effect of cao content on the photoluminescence excitation and emission properties of bi sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub and zno co doped ca sub 2 i x i sub ga sub 4 sub o sub 8 i x i sub phosphors |
| topic | Ca<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> + 0.01 Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 0.07 ZnO system CaO content crystalline structure photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra emission (PL) spectra |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/7/625 |
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