HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs

Abstract Background The global HIV prevalence estimate at the end of 2022 was 39 million. This has led to mass testing to diagnose new cases, and the conduction of prognostic tests for monitoring HIV progression. This is being done to meet the targets of the 95%: 95%: 95% UN AIDS goal which is to be...

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Main Authors: Karen Pomeyie, Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney, Benjamin Amoani, Roland Osei Saahene, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Wishwell Pomeyie, Francis Abrokwah, Helena Quayson, Salisu Kalaamullah Musah, Selina Appiah, Deborah Pratt, Magdalene Sarah Ofori, Alexander Owusu-Ansah, Prince Amoah Barnie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11135-7
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author Karen Pomeyie
Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney
Benjamin Amoani
Roland Osei Saahene
Nicholas Ekow Thomford
Wishwell Pomeyie
Francis Abrokwah
Helena Quayson
Salisu Kalaamullah Musah
Selina Appiah
Deborah Pratt
Magdalene Sarah Ofori
Alexander Owusu-Ansah
Prince Amoah Barnie
author_facet Karen Pomeyie
Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney
Benjamin Amoani
Roland Osei Saahene
Nicholas Ekow Thomford
Wishwell Pomeyie
Francis Abrokwah
Helena Quayson
Salisu Kalaamullah Musah
Selina Appiah
Deborah Pratt
Magdalene Sarah Ofori
Alexander Owusu-Ansah
Prince Amoah Barnie
author_sort Karen Pomeyie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The global HIV prevalence estimate at the end of 2022 was 39 million. This has led to mass testing to diagnose new cases, and the conduction of prognostic tests for monitoring HIV progression. This is being done to meet the targets of the 95%: 95%: 95% UN AIDS goal which is to be achieved by 2025. Therefore, there is the need to discover other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to be supplemented with the currently used ones. Studies indicate that micro RNAs have their levels influenced by the presence and replication of aetiologic agents, thus the micro RNA (miRNA) expression profile test may serve the dual purpose of HIV diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study assessed the HIV-1 diagnostic and prognostic potential of the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs in HIV positive persons in Cape Coast, Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the expression patterns of seven miRNAs – hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir-29b, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a in 72 plasma samples. The samples were obtained from six antiretroviral therapy naïve persons, 37 ART-experienced persons and 29 healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted, afterwards, cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR was done. Results There were low levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of two miRNAs – hsa-mir-34a, and hsa-mir-27a in ART-experienced persons relative to healthy control. The sensitivities of the above miRNAs were 82.14%, 72.73% and 81.25 respectively, and specificities were 86.21%, 70.59% and 87.50% respectively. Upregulated levels of hsa-mir-223 was associated with HIV-1 infection in ART-naïve persons. Hsa-mir-223, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a and hsa-mir29b were present in quantities that distinguished between viral load categories classified as very low and high. These miRNAs were correlated with viral load. Low levels of hsa-mir-155 in HIV-1 persons with viral load of less than 7cps/ml distinguished them from HIV-negative control. Increased levels of hsa-mir-146a correlated with ART-resistance. Conclusion Decreased levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a could be biomarkers of HIV-1. Hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir29b and hsa-mir-223 could be good biomarkers of HIV-1 progression and Low levels of hsa-mir-155 may possess the potential to detect minute HIV-1 RNA copies. Elevated levels of hsa-mir-146a could be a potential biomarker of ART-resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-6565fb1eb414448fbedab363d598adbc2025-08-20T03:10:27ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-06-0125111310.1186/s12879-025-11135-7HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAsKaren Pomeyie0Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney1Benjamin Amoani2Roland Osei Saahene3Nicholas Ekow Thomford4Wishwell Pomeyie5Francis Abrokwah6Helena Quayson7Salisu Kalaamullah Musah8Selina Appiah9Deborah Pratt10Magdalene Sarah Ofori11Alexander Owusu-Ansah12Prince Amoah Barnie13Virology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaVirology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape CoastPharmacogenomics and Genomic Medicine Group, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Physician Assistantship, School of Medical Sciences, Central University CollegeDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape CoastDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape CoastVirology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaPhlebotomy Unit, Cape Coast Teaching HospitalVirology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaVirology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of GhanaImmunology and Serology Department, Cape Coast Teaching HospitalDepartment of Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape CoastAbstract Background The global HIV prevalence estimate at the end of 2022 was 39 million. This has led to mass testing to diagnose new cases, and the conduction of prognostic tests for monitoring HIV progression. This is being done to meet the targets of the 95%: 95%: 95% UN AIDS goal which is to be achieved by 2025. Therefore, there is the need to discover other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to be supplemented with the currently used ones. Studies indicate that micro RNAs have their levels influenced by the presence and replication of aetiologic agents, thus the micro RNA (miRNA) expression profile test may serve the dual purpose of HIV diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study assessed the HIV-1 diagnostic and prognostic potential of the expression patterns of circulating miRNAs in HIV positive persons in Cape Coast, Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the expression patterns of seven miRNAs – hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir-29b, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a in 72 plasma samples. The samples were obtained from six antiretroviral therapy naïve persons, 37 ART-experienced persons and 29 healthy controls. Total RNA was extracted, afterwards, cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR was done. Results There were low levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of two miRNAs – hsa-mir-34a, and hsa-mir-27a in ART-experienced persons relative to healthy control. The sensitivities of the above miRNAs were 82.14%, 72.73% and 81.25 respectively, and specificities were 86.21%, 70.59% and 87.50% respectively. Upregulated levels of hsa-mir-223 was associated with HIV-1 infection in ART-naïve persons. Hsa-mir-223, hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a and hsa-mir29b were present in quantities that distinguished between viral load categories classified as very low and high. These miRNAs were correlated with viral load. Low levels of hsa-mir-155 in HIV-1 persons with viral load of less than 7cps/ml distinguished them from HIV-negative control. Increased levels of hsa-mir-146a correlated with ART-resistance. Conclusion Decreased levels of hsa-mir-155, and elevated levels of hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-223 and hsa-mir-27a could be biomarkers of HIV-1. Hsa-mir-155, hsa-mir-29a, hsa-mir29b and hsa-mir-223 could be good biomarkers of HIV-1 progression and Low levels of hsa-mir-155 may possess the potential to detect minute HIV-1 RNA copies. Elevated levels of hsa-mir-146a could be a potential biomarker of ART-resistance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11135-7Micro RNALevelsExpressionViral loadProgressionDiagnosis
spellingShingle Karen Pomeyie
Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney
Benjamin Amoani
Roland Osei Saahene
Nicholas Ekow Thomford
Wishwell Pomeyie
Francis Abrokwah
Helena Quayson
Salisu Kalaamullah Musah
Selina Appiah
Deborah Pratt
Magdalene Sarah Ofori
Alexander Owusu-Ansah
Prince Amoah Barnie
HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
BMC Infectious Diseases
Micro RNA
Levels
Expression
Viral load
Progression
Diagnosis
title HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
title_full HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
title_fullStr HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
title_full_unstemmed HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
title_short HIV-1 diagnostic, prognostic and ART-resistance detection potential of selected MiRNAs
title_sort hiv 1 diagnostic prognostic and art resistance detection potential of selected mirnas
topic Micro RNA
Levels
Expression
Viral load
Progression
Diagnosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11135-7
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