Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical central nervous system interface that tightly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. The BBB, glia, mural cells and neurons form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which modulates cerebral homeostas...

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Main Authors: Amalia Tsintzou, Roseline Poirier, Rania Harati, Almira Kustubayeva, Clemence Disdier, Rifat Hamoudi, Aloïse Mabondzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-025-00697-y
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author Amalia Tsintzou
Roseline Poirier
Rania Harati
Almira Kustubayeva
Clemence Disdier
Rifat Hamoudi
Aloïse Mabondzo
author_facet Amalia Tsintzou
Roseline Poirier
Rania Harati
Almira Kustubayeva
Clemence Disdier
Rifat Hamoudi
Aloïse Mabondzo
author_sort Amalia Tsintzou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical central nervous system interface that tightly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. The BBB, glia, mural cells and neurons form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which modulates cerebral homeostasis. Traditionally considered a uniform and selective barrier, emerging research has unveiled significant heterogeneity in BBB properties across various brain structures. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the heterogeneity of the NVU elements of different brain structures. The structural and functional differences of the endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons of different brain structures are pinpointed. Finally, BBB heterogeneity and its link to cognition in physiology and pathology are discussed. Understanding such relationships could help effectively target and cure neurological diseases.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-8118
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
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series Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
spelling doaj-art-656136c5290047faaa640bbe3aadc2af2025-08-24T11:46:25ZengBMCFluids and Barriers of the CNS2045-81182025-08-0122111310.1186/s12987-025-00697-yBridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a reviewAmalia Tsintzou0Roseline Poirier1Rania Harati2Almira Kustubayeva3Clemence Disdier4Rifat Hamoudi5Aloïse Mabondzo6Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d’Etude de l’Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique (LENIT)Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI)Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of SharjahDepartment of Biophysics, Biomedicine, and Neuroscience, Brain Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National UniversityUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d’Etude de l’Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique (LENIT)Research Institute for Medical and Health Science, College of Medicine, University of SharjahUniversité Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d’Etude de l’Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique (LENIT)Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical central nervous system interface that tightly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. The BBB, glia, mural cells and neurons form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which modulates cerebral homeostasis. Traditionally considered a uniform and selective barrier, emerging research has unveiled significant heterogeneity in BBB properties across various brain structures. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the heterogeneity of the NVU elements of different brain structures. The structural and functional differences of the endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons of different brain structures are pinpointed. Finally, BBB heterogeneity and its link to cognition in physiology and pathology are discussed. Understanding such relationships could help effectively target and cure neurological diseases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-025-00697-yNeurovascular unit heterogeneityAstrocytesMicrogliaPericytesNeuronsCognition
spellingShingle Amalia Tsintzou
Roseline Poirier
Rania Harati
Almira Kustubayeva
Clemence Disdier
Rifat Hamoudi
Aloïse Mabondzo
Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Neurovascular unit heterogeneity
Astrocytes
Microglia
Pericytes
Neurons
Cognition
title Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
title_full Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
title_fullStr Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
title_full_unstemmed Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
title_short Bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function: a review
title_sort bridging regional neurovascular unit heterogeneity and cognitive function a review
topic Neurovascular unit heterogeneity
Astrocytes
Microglia
Pericytes
Neurons
Cognition
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-025-00697-y
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AT almirakustubayeva bridgingregionalneurovascularunitheterogeneityandcognitivefunctionareview
AT clemencedisdier bridgingregionalneurovascularunitheterogeneityandcognitivefunctionareview
AT rifathamoudi bridgingregionalneurovascularunitheterogeneityandcognitivefunctionareview
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