Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA

Agroecosystem modeling tools can provide insights into cover crop performance under varying environmental and management combinations. This study aims to (1) simulate winter cereal rye cover crops in Agro-IBIS, a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model and (2) evaluate Agro-IBIS performance in pre...

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Main Authors: Anna Orfanou, Gregg R. Sanford, Randall D. Jackson, Matthew D. Ruark, Claudio Gratton, Dimitrios Pavlou, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Shawn P. Conley, Christopher J. Kucharik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Smart Agricultural Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525001637
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author Anna Orfanou
Gregg R. Sanford
Randall D. Jackson
Matthew D. Ruark
Claudio Gratton
Dimitrios Pavlou
Spyridon Mourtzinis
Shawn P. Conley
Christopher J. Kucharik
author_facet Anna Orfanou
Gregg R. Sanford
Randall D. Jackson
Matthew D. Ruark
Claudio Gratton
Dimitrios Pavlou
Spyridon Mourtzinis
Shawn P. Conley
Christopher J. Kucharik
author_sort Anna Orfanou
collection DOAJ
description Agroecosystem modeling tools can provide insights into cover crop performance under varying environmental and management combinations. This study aims to (1) simulate winter cereal rye cover crops in Agro-IBIS, a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model and (2) evaluate Agro-IBIS performance in predicting aboveground biomass (AGB) of winter cereal rye cover crops. To achieve this, the winter wheat plant functional type (PFT) in Agro-IBIS was adapted to represent winter cereal rye as a cool-season winter annual grass cover crop. We adjusted the specific leaf area (SLA), maximum Rubisco activity at 15 °C (Vc,max), growing degree days (GDD) base temperature, GDD upper threshold, and planting and termination dates as indicated by observed data. Model performance was evaluated using observed data from continuous maize and maize-soybean rotation systems in southern Wisconsin. The model effectively represented interannual variability of winter cereal rye cover crop AGB that was measured in southern Wisconsin in continuous maize and maize-soybean rotation systems. This demonstrated the efficacy of Agro-IBIS in representing establishment success, cold-hardening, spring green-up, and AGB accumulation of winter cereal rye cover crops in conventional annual grain cropping systems. Environmental drivers like growing season length, accumulated GDDs, precipitation amount, and solar radiation were key drivers of cover crop AGB production, which is generally represented by Agro-IBIS. This suggests the model would be an accurate tool to use when investigating the impact of climate change or increased weather variability on the success of cover crops across the Midwest and beyond.
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spelling doaj-art-653cede691de48d9acbe144077ee6e132025-08-20T03:18:15ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-08-011110093010.1016/j.atech.2025.100930Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USAAnna Orfanou0Gregg R. Sanford1Randall D. Jackson2Matthew D. Ruark3Claudio Gratton4Dimitrios Pavlou5Spyridon Mourtzinis6Shawn P. Conley7Christopher J. Kucharik8Department of Plant & Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA; Corresponding author.Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Plant & Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Plant & Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Plant & Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USADepartment of Plant & Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USAAgroecosystem modeling tools can provide insights into cover crop performance under varying environmental and management combinations. This study aims to (1) simulate winter cereal rye cover crops in Agro-IBIS, a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model and (2) evaluate Agro-IBIS performance in predicting aboveground biomass (AGB) of winter cereal rye cover crops. To achieve this, the winter wheat plant functional type (PFT) in Agro-IBIS was adapted to represent winter cereal rye as a cool-season winter annual grass cover crop. We adjusted the specific leaf area (SLA), maximum Rubisco activity at 15 °C (Vc,max), growing degree days (GDD) base temperature, GDD upper threshold, and planting and termination dates as indicated by observed data. Model performance was evaluated using observed data from continuous maize and maize-soybean rotation systems in southern Wisconsin. The model effectively represented interannual variability of winter cereal rye cover crop AGB that was measured in southern Wisconsin in continuous maize and maize-soybean rotation systems. This demonstrated the efficacy of Agro-IBIS in representing establishment success, cold-hardening, spring green-up, and AGB accumulation of winter cereal rye cover crops in conventional annual grain cropping systems. Environmental drivers like growing season length, accumulated GDDs, precipitation amount, and solar radiation were key drivers of cover crop AGB production, which is generally represented by Agro-IBIS. This suggests the model would be an accurate tool to use when investigating the impact of climate change or increased weather variability on the success of cover crops across the Midwest and beyond.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525001637Winter cereal cover cropsBiomassCropping systemsAgroecosystem modelingAgro-IBISModel validation
spellingShingle Anna Orfanou
Gregg R. Sanford
Randall D. Jackson
Matthew D. Ruark
Claudio Gratton
Dimitrios Pavlou
Spyridon Mourtzinis
Shawn P. Conley
Christopher J. Kucharik
Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
Smart Agricultural Technology
Winter cereal cover crops
Biomass
Cropping systems
Agroecosystem modeling
Agro-IBIS
Model validation
title Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
title_full Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
title_fullStr Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
title_full_unstemmed Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
title_short Adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the Midwest USA
title_sort adapting an agroecosystem model to account for cover crop management in the midwest usa
topic Winter cereal cover crops
Biomass
Cropping systems
Agroecosystem modeling
Agro-IBIS
Model validation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525001637
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