Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk

Abstract The effect of simultaneously performing two tasks (dual-task effects, DTEs) has been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the combination of cognitive and motor tasks. Given their potentially detrimental impact on real-life activities, the impact of DTEs has been investigated in both hea...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlotta Maiocchi, Marta Milanesi, Nicola Canessa, Stefania Sozzi, Giulia Mattavelli, Antonio Nardone, Claudia Gianelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88497-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849713084079276032
author Carlotta Maiocchi
Marta Milanesi
Nicola Canessa
Stefania Sozzi
Giulia Mattavelli
Antonio Nardone
Claudia Gianelli
author_facet Carlotta Maiocchi
Marta Milanesi
Nicola Canessa
Stefania Sozzi
Giulia Mattavelli
Antonio Nardone
Claudia Gianelli
author_sort Carlotta Maiocchi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The effect of simultaneously performing two tasks (dual-task effects, DTEs) has been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the combination of cognitive and motor tasks. Given their potentially detrimental impact on real-life activities, the impact of DTEs has been investigated in both healthy individuals and patients. In this Registered Report, we aimed to replicate previous DTEs when a task requiring executive-inhibitory skills is involved while also expanding the evidence on basic facets of decision-making. We recruited 50 healthy young participants who performed a stop-signal task and two gambling tasks (loss-aversion and risk-aversion) while sitting and while walking at three treadmill speeds (normal, slow and fast). We report a significant difference in performance during single-task and dual-task, although with high individual variability. The data show no effect of the walking speed on all the cognitive tasks. Analyses on postural alignments, assessed in the cadence, gait cycle length and stance phase, confirm previous results on cognitive prioritization strategies of healthy individuals. Based on our results, we highlight the need to further investigate prioritization strategies when tasks involving higher cognitive functions are performed along a motor task in healthy individuals and patients with the aim of offering targeted training and rehabilitation protocols. The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 28/06/22. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5MWH7 .
format Article
id doaj-art-6533c5b4e18d48edb5e868dea31bd75f
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-6533c5b4e18d48edb5e868dea31bd75f2025-08-20T03:14:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-88497-0Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under riskCarlotta Maiocchi0Marta Milanesi1Nicola Canessa2Stefania Sozzi3Giulia Mattavelli4Antonio Nardone5Claudia Gianelli6IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaIUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaIUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaDepartment of Computer, Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of PaviaIUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS PaviaCentro Studi Attività Motorie and Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCSDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaAbstract The effect of simultaneously performing two tasks (dual-task effects, DTEs) has been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the combination of cognitive and motor tasks. Given their potentially detrimental impact on real-life activities, the impact of DTEs has been investigated in both healthy individuals and patients. In this Registered Report, we aimed to replicate previous DTEs when a task requiring executive-inhibitory skills is involved while also expanding the evidence on basic facets of decision-making. We recruited 50 healthy young participants who performed a stop-signal task and two gambling tasks (loss-aversion and risk-aversion) while sitting and while walking at three treadmill speeds (normal, slow and fast). We report a significant difference in performance during single-task and dual-task, although with high individual variability. The data show no effect of the walking speed on all the cognitive tasks. Analyses on postural alignments, assessed in the cadence, gait cycle length and stance phase, confirm previous results on cognitive prioritization strategies of healthy individuals. Based on our results, we highlight the need to further investigate prioritization strategies when tasks involving higher cognitive functions are performed along a motor task in healthy individuals and patients with the aim of offering targeted training and rehabilitation protocols. The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 28/06/22. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5MWH7 .https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88497-0Cognitive-motor-interferenceDual-taskDecision-makingInhibitory controlWalking speed
spellingShingle Carlotta Maiocchi
Marta Milanesi
Nicola Canessa
Stefania Sozzi
Giulia Mattavelli
Antonio Nardone
Claudia Gianelli
Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
Scientific Reports
Cognitive-motor-interference
Dual-task
Decision-making
Inhibitory control
Walking speed
title Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
title_full Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
title_fullStr Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
title_full_unstemmed Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
title_short Dual-task effects of walking-speed on inhibitory control and decision-making under risk
title_sort dual task effects of walking speed on inhibitory control and decision making under risk
topic Cognitive-motor-interference
Dual-task
Decision-making
Inhibitory control
Walking speed
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88497-0
work_keys_str_mv AT carlottamaiocchi dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT martamilanesi dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT nicolacanessa dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT stefaniasozzi dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT giuliamattavelli dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT antonionardone dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk
AT claudiagianelli dualtaskeffectsofwalkingspeedoninhibitorycontrolanddecisionmakingunderrisk