The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review

The bilateral interaction between the brain and the gut has recently been on the spectrum of researchers’ interests, including complex neural, endocrinological, and immunological signaling pathways. The first case reports and clinical studies have already reported that delivering microbes through fe...

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Main Authors: Ignazio Maniscalco, Piotr Bartochowski, Vittoria Priori, Sidonia Paula Iancau, Michele De Francesco, Marco Innamorati, Natalia Jagodzinska, Giancarlo Giupponi, Luca Masucci, Andreas Conca, Magdalena Mroczek
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1290
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author Ignazio Maniscalco
Piotr Bartochowski
Vittoria Priori
Sidonia Paula Iancau
Michele De Francesco
Marco Innamorati
Natalia Jagodzinska
Giancarlo Giupponi
Luca Masucci
Andreas Conca
Magdalena Mroczek
author_facet Ignazio Maniscalco
Piotr Bartochowski
Vittoria Priori
Sidonia Paula Iancau
Michele De Francesco
Marco Innamorati
Natalia Jagodzinska
Giancarlo Giupponi
Luca Masucci
Andreas Conca
Magdalena Mroczek
author_sort Ignazio Maniscalco
collection DOAJ
description The bilateral interaction between the brain and the gut has recently been on the spectrum of researchers’ interests, including complex neural, endocrinological, and immunological signaling pathways. The first case reports and clinical studies have already reported that delivering microbes through fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) may alleviate symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, modifying the gut microbiota through FMT holds promise as a potential treatment for psychiatric diseases. This scoping review assessed studies from PubMed related to FMT in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The evaluation included nine clinical studies and case reports. The beneficial and persistent effect on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms has been reported. Also, an increased microflora diversity and altered levels of neurometabolites in serum were identified, albeit with a tendency to return to baseline over time. The microbiome–gut–brain axis could provide new targets for preventing and treating psychiatric disorders. However, a recent large randomized clinical trial has shed light on the previously collected data and suggested a possible contribution of the placebo effect. This highlights the necessity of large randomized double-blind studies to reliably assess the effect of FMT in ASD.
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spelling doaj-art-652d2ced8a1943a8a35d750da63375b42025-08-20T03:29:39ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-05-01136129010.3390/microorganisms13061290The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping ReviewIgnazio Maniscalco0Piotr Bartochowski1Vittoria Priori2Sidonia Paula Iancau3Michele De Francesco4Marco Innamorati5Natalia Jagodzinska6Giancarlo Giupponi7Luca Masucci8Andreas Conca9Magdalena Mroczek10Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyBC2M, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyResidence School in Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyDepartment of Health and Life Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Roma, ItalySchool of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UKDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyMicrobiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Medicine, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyDepartment of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, SwitzerlandThe bilateral interaction between the brain and the gut has recently been on the spectrum of researchers’ interests, including complex neural, endocrinological, and immunological signaling pathways. The first case reports and clinical studies have already reported that delivering microbes through fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) may alleviate symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, modifying the gut microbiota through FMT holds promise as a potential treatment for psychiatric diseases. This scoping review assessed studies from PubMed related to FMT in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The evaluation included nine clinical studies and case reports. The beneficial and persistent effect on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms has been reported. Also, an increased microflora diversity and altered levels of neurometabolites in serum were identified, albeit with a tendency to return to baseline over time. The microbiome–gut–brain axis could provide new targets for preventing and treating psychiatric disorders. However, a recent large randomized clinical trial has shed light on the previously collected data and suggested a possible contribution of the placebo effect. This highlights the necessity of large randomized double-blind studies to reliably assess the effect of FMT in ASD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1290microbiotaFMTfecal microbial transplantationASDautism spectrum disorders
spellingShingle Ignazio Maniscalco
Piotr Bartochowski
Vittoria Priori
Sidonia Paula Iancau
Michele De Francesco
Marco Innamorati
Natalia Jagodzinska
Giancarlo Giupponi
Luca Masucci
Andreas Conca
Magdalena Mroczek
The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
Microorganisms
microbiota
FMT
fecal microbial transplantation
ASD
autism spectrum disorders
title The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
title_full The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
title_short The Effects of Fecal Microbial Transplantation on the Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Scoping Review
title_sort effects of fecal microbial transplantation on the symptoms in autism spectrum disorder gut microbiota and metabolites a scoping review
topic microbiota
FMT
fecal microbial transplantation
ASD
autism spectrum disorders
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1290
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