Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is increasingly performed, but complications and revisions are rising concerns, especially in the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study aimed to assess the association between DM and perioperative complications and length of...

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Main Authors: Arman Kishan, Sarah I. Goldfarb, Jake DePalo, Henry Maxwell Fox, Ansh Kishan, Umasuthan Srikumaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773157X24002340
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author Arman Kishan
Sarah I. Goldfarb
Jake DePalo
Henry Maxwell Fox
Ansh Kishan
Umasuthan Srikumaran
author_facet Arman Kishan
Sarah I. Goldfarb
Jake DePalo
Henry Maxwell Fox
Ansh Kishan
Umasuthan Srikumaran
author_sort Arman Kishan
collection DOAJ
description Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is increasingly performed, but complications and revisions are rising concerns, especially in the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study aimed to assess the association between DM and perioperative complications and length of hospital stay after aseptic revision TSA, which has been underexplored. Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, we analyzed 1979 patients undergoing revision TSA from 2006 to 2021. Patients were categorized as with DM (n = 404) or without DM (n = 1575). We examined patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for major complications and prolonged hospital stays. Results: Patients with DM showed similar rates of major and minor complications and hospital stays compared to those without DM. Hypertension emerged as a significant risk factor for major complications (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 17.1), whereas American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >2 (OR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.4, 12.6) and preoperative hematocrit <35 % (OR 4.3, 95 % CI 2.1, 8.6) were associated with prolonged hospital stays. Multivariate analysis did not find DM to be an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stays. Discussion: In patients undergoing aseptic revision TSA, 30-day complication rates and lengths of hospital stays did not differ significantly between patients with and without DM. These findings challenge previous assumptions about DM's impact on TSA revisions. The present study emphasizes the importance of individualized risk assessment, focusing on comorbidities such as hypertension and anemia, which appear to play a more critical role in outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the heterogeneity within the diabetic population and to refine bundled-care models to optimize risk stratification and resource allocation in TSA revisions.
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spelling doaj-art-65294541b0ec41e4a0781740204550682025-08-20T02:07:23ZengElsevierJournal of Orthopaedic Reports2773-157X2025-04-014110053910.1016/j.jorep.2024.100539Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplastyArman Kishan0Sarah I. Goldfarb1Jake DePalo2Henry Maxwell Fox3Ansh Kishan4Umasuthan Srikumaran5Division of Shoulder Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USADivision of Shoulder Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USAWest Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USADivision of Shoulder Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USAK J Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai, IndiaDivision of Shoulder Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Corresponding author.Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is increasingly performed, but complications and revisions are rising concerns, especially in the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study aimed to assess the association between DM and perioperative complications and length of hospital stay after aseptic revision TSA, which has been underexplored. Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, we analyzed 1979 patients undergoing revision TSA from 2006 to 2021. Patients were categorized as with DM (n = 404) or without DM (n = 1575). We examined patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for major complications and prolonged hospital stays. Results: Patients with DM showed similar rates of major and minor complications and hospital stays compared to those without DM. Hypertension emerged as a significant risk factor for major complications (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 17.1), whereas American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >2 (OR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.4, 12.6) and preoperative hematocrit <35 % (OR 4.3, 95 % CI 2.1, 8.6) were associated with prolonged hospital stays. Multivariate analysis did not find DM to be an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stays. Discussion: In patients undergoing aseptic revision TSA, 30-day complication rates and lengths of hospital stays did not differ significantly between patients with and without DM. These findings challenge previous assumptions about DM's impact on TSA revisions. The present study emphasizes the importance of individualized risk assessment, focusing on comorbidities such as hypertension and anemia, which appear to play a more critical role in outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the heterogeneity within the diabetic population and to refine bundled-care models to optimize risk stratification and resource allocation in TSA revisions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773157X24002340Total shoulder arthroplastyAseptic revisionDiabetes mellitusPostoperative complicationsHealthcare costsBundled care model
spellingShingle Arman Kishan
Sarah I. Goldfarb
Jake DePalo
Henry Maxwell Fox
Ansh Kishan
Umasuthan Srikumaran
Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Orthopaedic Reports
Total shoulder arthroplasty
Aseptic revision
Diabetes mellitus
Postoperative complications
Healthcare costs
Bundled care model
title Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
title_full Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
title_fullStr Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
title_full_unstemmed Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
title_short Perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
title_sort perioperative complications and length of stay in patients with diabetes mellitus after aseptic revision total shoulder arthroplasty
topic Total shoulder arthroplasty
Aseptic revision
Diabetes mellitus
Postoperative complications
Healthcare costs
Bundled care model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773157X24002340
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