In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications
Abstract The nasal route offers many advantages for drug delivery: quick onset of action, better patient compliance, avoidance of first‐pass metabolism and bypassing the blood‐brain barrier. Despite the potential of this route, several challenges exist, such as the short drug retention time caused b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400356 |
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| author | Li Qian Michael T. Cook Cécile A. Dreiss |
| author_facet | Li Qian Michael T. Cook Cécile A. Dreiss |
| author_sort | Li Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The nasal route offers many advantages for drug delivery: quick onset of action, better patient compliance, avoidance of first‐pass metabolism and bypassing the blood‐brain barrier. Despite the potential of this route, several challenges exist, such as the short drug retention time caused by mucociliary clearance (MCC). In situ forming gels, which undergo a sol‐to‐gel transition with specific triggers at the site of action, present real opportunities in this field. They combine the intrinsic characteristics of hydrogels (elasticity and water‐holding capacity) with responsiveness, allowing easy application of drugs (spraying or extruding through a nozzle), as well as prolonged retention in the nasal cavity. The incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers, additives and nanocarriers can further tune the properties of in situ gels as nasal delivery platforms. This review summarizes advances in in situ gels for nasal drug delivery. We first describe challenges of the nasal route, target properties of in situ nasal gels, and then present both “classic” gelling polymers (poloxamers and polysaccharides) – which form the bulk of reported studies on nasal gels – as well as novel bespoke materials; we review characterization methods, highlighting the lack of standardization and accepted target values, then discuss applications by spraying, and conclude with future prospects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-650bd669137e4d27af15c87777a8ce7d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1438-7492 1439-2054 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-650bd669137e4d27af15c87777a8ce7d2025-08-20T03:45:23ZengWiley-VCHMacromolecular Materials and Engineering1438-74921439-20542025-06-013106n/an/a10.1002/mame.202400356In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and ApplicationsLi Qian0Michael T. Cook1Cécile A. Dreiss2Institute of Pharmaceutical Science King's College London 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UKUCL School of Pharmacy University College London 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UKInstitute of Pharmaceutical Science King's College London 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UKAbstract The nasal route offers many advantages for drug delivery: quick onset of action, better patient compliance, avoidance of first‐pass metabolism and bypassing the blood‐brain barrier. Despite the potential of this route, several challenges exist, such as the short drug retention time caused by mucociliary clearance (MCC). In situ forming gels, which undergo a sol‐to‐gel transition with specific triggers at the site of action, present real opportunities in this field. They combine the intrinsic characteristics of hydrogels (elasticity and water‐holding capacity) with responsiveness, allowing easy application of drugs (spraying or extruding through a nozzle), as well as prolonged retention in the nasal cavity. The incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers, additives and nanocarriers can further tune the properties of in situ gels as nasal delivery platforms. This review summarizes advances in in situ gels for nasal drug delivery. We first describe challenges of the nasal route, target properties of in situ nasal gels, and then present both “classic” gelling polymers (poloxamers and polysaccharides) – which form the bulk of reported studies on nasal gels – as well as novel bespoke materials; we review characterization methods, highlighting the lack of standardization and accepted target values, then discuss applications by spraying, and conclude with future prospects.https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400356hydrogelsin situ gellingnasal deliverynasal sprayrheology |
| spellingShingle | Li Qian Michael T. Cook Cécile A. Dreiss In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications Macromolecular Materials and Engineering hydrogels in situ gelling nasal delivery nasal spray rheology |
| title | In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications |
| title_full | In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications |
| title_fullStr | In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications |
| title_short | In Situ Gels for Nasal Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Applications |
| title_sort | in situ gels for nasal delivery formulation characterization and applications |
| topic | hydrogels in situ gelling nasal delivery nasal spray rheology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400356 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liqian insitugelsfornasaldeliveryformulationcharacterizationandapplications AT michaeltcook insitugelsfornasaldeliveryformulationcharacterizationandapplications AT cecileadreiss insitugelsfornasaldeliveryformulationcharacterizationandapplications |