Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic microorganism intricately associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders and gastric cancer. H. pylori can cause various upper digestive tract diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastric...

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Main Authors: Meijing Yi, Silan Chen, Xinying Yi, Fan Zhang, Xuan Zhou, Meiyan Zeng, Houpan Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1541140/full
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author Meijing Yi
Meijing Yi
Silan Chen
Silan Chen
Xinying Yi
Xinying Yi
Fan Zhang
Fan Zhang
Xuan Zhou
Xuan Zhou
Meiyan Zeng
Houpan Song
Houpan Song
author_facet Meijing Yi
Meijing Yi
Silan Chen
Silan Chen
Xinying Yi
Xinying Yi
Fan Zhang
Fan Zhang
Xuan Zhou
Xuan Zhou
Meiyan Zeng
Houpan Song
Houpan Song
author_sort Meijing Yi
collection DOAJ
description Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic microorganism intricately associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders and gastric cancer. H. pylori can cause various upper digestive tract diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastric cancer. The bacterium exhibits a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization, the expression of virulence factors, and the development of drug resistance. This article presents a comprehensive review of H. pylori pathogenesis, emphasizing recent research advancements concerning the cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin, outer membrane proteins, and other virulence factors. Additionally, it examines the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance and evaluates the efficacy of conventional therapeutic approaches. Recently, researchers have attempted novel therapeutic regimens, including probiotics and Chinese medicine-assisted therapies, to enhance therapeutic effects. This article aimed to offer an overview of the academic community’s comprehension of H. pylori infection and to highlight the current treatment options.
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issn 1664-302X
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-64f7b8a3bcb2441aaa0f5a7c8779162b2025-08-20T02:03:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-02-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15411401541140Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatmentMeijing Yi0Meijing Yi1Silan Chen2Silan Chen3Xinying Yi4Xinying Yi5Fan Zhang6Fan Zhang7Xuan Zhou8Xuan Zhou9Meiyan Zeng10Houpan Song11Houpan Song12School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHelicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic microorganism intricately associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders and gastric cancer. H. pylori can cause various upper digestive tract diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastric cancer. The bacterium exhibits a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization, the expression of virulence factors, and the development of drug resistance. This article presents a comprehensive review of H. pylori pathogenesis, emphasizing recent research advancements concerning the cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin, outer membrane proteins, and other virulence factors. Additionally, it examines the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance and evaluates the efficacy of conventional therapeutic approaches. Recently, researchers have attempted novel therapeutic regimens, including probiotics and Chinese medicine-assisted therapies, to enhance therapeutic effects. This article aimed to offer an overview of the academic community’s comprehension of H. pylori infection and to highlight the current treatment options.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1541140/fullHelicobacter pyloripathogenic mechanismtreatmentantibiotic resistanceprobiotics
spellingShingle Meijing Yi
Meijing Yi
Silan Chen
Silan Chen
Xinying Yi
Xinying Yi
Fan Zhang
Fan Zhang
Xuan Zhou
Xuan Zhou
Meiyan Zeng
Houpan Song
Houpan Song
Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
Frontiers in Microbiology
Helicobacter pylori
pathogenic mechanism
treatment
antibiotic resistance
probiotics
title Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
title_full Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
title_fullStr Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
title_full_unstemmed Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
title_short Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment
title_sort helicobacter pylori infection process from the molecular world to clinical treatment
topic Helicobacter pylori
pathogenic mechanism
treatment
antibiotic resistance
probiotics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1541140/full
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