Decoding G-Quadruplexes Sequence in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>: Regulatory Region Enrichment, Drought Stress Adaptation, and Sugar–Acid Metabolism Modulation

Decoding G-Quadruplexes Sequence in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>: Regulatory Region Enrichment, Drought Stress Adaptation, and Sugar–Acid Metabolism Modulation

G-quadruplexes play a crucial role in transcription, translation, and DNA replication in plant genomes. Here, we comprehensively examined the prevalence and functions of G-quadruplexes in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>. A total of 467,813 G-quadruplexes were identified in grapevine genome, with e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jun Xie, Kangkang Song, Gaixia Qiao, Rong Wang, Hongyuan Wu, Qiaoxia Jia, Yujuan Liu, Yi Li, Meilong Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
<i>Vitis vinifera</i>
G-quadruplex
transcriptional regulation
drought stress
sugar–acid metabolism
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1180
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Summary:G-quadruplexes play a crucial role in transcription, translation, and DNA replication in plant genomes. Here, we comprehensively examined the prevalence and functions of G-quadruplexes in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>. A total of 467,813 G-quadruplexes were identified in grapevine genome, with enrichment in the promoter (0.54/kbp) and near transcription start sites (TSSs, 1.00/kbp), and showed conservative strand preference. The G-quadruplex density in centromeres exhibited heterogeneity. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under two-day drought stress manifested high G-quadruplex density in the promoter and TSS regions. The upregulated DEGs showed template strand-biased G-quadruplex enrichment, while downregulated DEGs displayed coding strand dominance linked to metal ion homeostasis and sugar–acid metabolism pathways, respectively. G-quadruplexes were enriched in key sugar–acid metabolism genes, including pyruvate kinase and sucrose synthase. The number of G-quadruplexes in sucrose transferase VINV genes was higher than that in the CWINV and NINV genes. This study revealed G-quadruplexes as regulatory elements of stress response and berry development, providing abundant genetic targets for precision breeding and the quality improvement of grapevines.
ISSN:2223-7747

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