Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism

Following the promising performance of the seamless morphing trailing edge (SMTE) flap and its internal actuation system, the elephant trunk mechanism (ETM), investigated through aerodynamic and structural analyses, this study presents an experimental analysis of the SMTE flap equipped with an eleph...

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Main Authors: Mir Hossein Negahban, Tarek Saci, Ruxandra Mihaela Botez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5570
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author Mir Hossein Negahban
Tarek Saci
Ruxandra Mihaela Botez
author_facet Mir Hossein Negahban
Tarek Saci
Ruxandra Mihaela Botez
author_sort Mir Hossein Negahban
collection DOAJ
description Following the promising performance of the seamless morphing trailing edge (SMTE) flap and its internal actuation system, the elephant trunk mechanism (ETM), investigated through aerodynamic and structural analyses, this study presents an experimental analysis of the SMTE flap equipped with an elephant trunk actuation mechanism. The morphing wing model was prototyped using a 3D printer. Four elephant trunk morphing ribs were embedded inside the flap section, all covered with a flexible skin. The control system for flap actuation was installed in the wing box corresponding to four elephant trunk mechanisms using an appropriate graphical interface to control the SMTE flap deflections. The completed model was further tested in a subsonic wind tunnel to validate the numerical aerodynamic results, as well as the functionality of the elephant trunk mechanism in real conditions. The results confirm the reliability and practicability of the proposed elephant trunk mechanism for actuation, and a very good agreement was obtained between the numerical aerodynamic data and wind tunnel test results.
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-64dcd08b59974589ac24b814fd79af062025-08-20T02:33:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510557010.3390/app15105570Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation MechanismMir Hossein Negahban0Tarek Saci1Ruxandra Mihaela Botez2LARCASE Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticity, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaLARCASE Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticity, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaLARCASE Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticity, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaFollowing the promising performance of the seamless morphing trailing edge (SMTE) flap and its internal actuation system, the elephant trunk mechanism (ETM), investigated through aerodynamic and structural analyses, this study presents an experimental analysis of the SMTE flap equipped with an elephant trunk actuation mechanism. The morphing wing model was prototyped using a 3D printer. Four elephant trunk morphing ribs were embedded inside the flap section, all covered with a flexible skin. The control system for flap actuation was installed in the wing box corresponding to four elephant trunk mechanisms using an appropriate graphical interface to control the SMTE flap deflections. The completed model was further tested in a subsonic wind tunnel to validate the numerical aerodynamic results, as well as the functionality of the elephant trunk mechanism in real conditions. The results confirm the reliability and practicability of the proposed elephant trunk mechanism for actuation, and a very good agreement was obtained between the numerical aerodynamic data and wind tunnel test results.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5570seamless morphing trailing edge flap (SMTE)elephant trunk mechanism (ETM)subsonic wind tunnel3D printingprototypingactuation system
spellingShingle Mir Hossein Negahban
Tarek Saci
Ruxandra Mihaela Botez
Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
Applied Sciences
seamless morphing trailing edge flap (SMTE)
elephant trunk mechanism (ETM)
subsonic wind tunnel
3D printing
prototyping
actuation system
title Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
title_full Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
title_fullStr Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
title_short Development and Experimental Study of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge Flap Equipped with an Elephant Trunk Actuation Mechanism
title_sort development and experimental study of a seamless morphing trailing edge flap equipped with an elephant trunk actuation mechanism
topic seamless morphing trailing edge flap (SMTE)
elephant trunk mechanism (ETM)
subsonic wind tunnel
3D printing
prototyping
actuation system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5570
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AT tareksaci developmentandexperimentalstudyofaseamlessmorphingtrailingedgeflapequippedwithanelephanttrunkactuationmechanism
AT ruxandramihaelabotez developmentandexperimentalstudyofaseamlessmorphingtrailingedgeflapequippedwithanelephanttrunkactuationmechanism