Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation

This study reports the synthesis of sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes [copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)], derived from a novel ligand, 3,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-sulfonamido-phenyl) diazenyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5,7-dioxo-1-benzenesulfonic acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy...

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Main Authors: Durga Prasad Mishra, Prafulla Kumar Sahu, Ashish Kumar Sarangi, Debarshi Kumar Deb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Next Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825002461
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author Durga Prasad Mishra
Prafulla Kumar Sahu
Ashish Kumar Sarangi
Debarshi Kumar Deb
author_facet Durga Prasad Mishra
Prafulla Kumar Sahu
Ashish Kumar Sarangi
Debarshi Kumar Deb
author_sort Durga Prasad Mishra
collection DOAJ
description This study reports the synthesis of sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes [copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)], derived from a novel ligand, 3,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-sulfonamido-phenyl) diazenyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5,7-dioxo-1-benzenesulfonic acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonsance, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis were used for structural characterization of the synthesized complexes, Elemental analysis confirmed their molecular compositions, while thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis established their thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy provided surface morphology and elemental distribution and x-ray diffraction analysis suggested the amorphous nature of the complexes. Biological activity evaluation revealed significant antioxidant potential, with the Zn (II) complex exhibiting highest 74% of inhibition (at 25 µg/mL concentration; IC₅₀: 13.44 µg/mL), comparable to standard ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 6.80 µg/mL), likely mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. Anticancer activity on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) demonstrated the Ni (II) complex as the most potent agent (IC₅₀ = 8.98 µg/mL at 48 hours) with efficacy close to standard cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 7.23 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies against 17-β-HSD1 enzyme indicated strong binding interactions with Ni (II) complex with the highest docking score (-9.26 kcal/mol). It suggests a potential anticancer mechanism of the complex via the regulation of p53 and PGC1-α pathways, influencing mitochondrial function and glycolysis. HOMO-LUMO energy calculations indicated that Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes exhibit high reactivity, while the ligand displayed notable stability. The proposed study on the synthesis of azo-metal complexes using 2,4-dihydroxy acetophenone is first of its kind, demonstrating high structural stability and promising anticancer and antioxidant activity, underscoring the need for further research.
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spelling doaj-art-64dc75773cd5407093450305d08d3fa72025-08-20T03:13:04ZengElsevierNext Materials2949-82282025-07-01810072810.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100728Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluationDurga Prasad Mishra0Prafulla Kumar Sahu1Ashish Kumar Sarangi2Debarshi Kumar Deb3School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, IndiaSchool of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; Department of Pharmacy, Keonjhar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Tentulinanda, Dimbo, Keonjhar, Odisha, India; Corresponding author at: School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, IndiaIndian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, IndiaThis study reports the synthesis of sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes [copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)], derived from a novel ligand, 3,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-sulfonamido-phenyl) diazenyl-2,4-dihydroxy-5,7-dioxo-1-benzenesulfonic acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonsance, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis were used for structural characterization of the synthesized complexes, Elemental analysis confirmed their molecular compositions, while thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis established their thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy provided surface morphology and elemental distribution and x-ray diffraction analysis suggested the amorphous nature of the complexes. Biological activity evaluation revealed significant antioxidant potential, with the Zn (II) complex exhibiting highest 74% of inhibition (at 25 µg/mL concentration; IC₅₀: 13.44 µg/mL), comparable to standard ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 6.80 µg/mL), likely mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. Anticancer activity on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) demonstrated the Ni (II) complex as the most potent agent (IC₅₀ = 8.98 µg/mL at 48 hours) with efficacy close to standard cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 7.23 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies against 17-β-HSD1 enzyme indicated strong binding interactions with Ni (II) complex with the highest docking score (-9.26 kcal/mol). It suggests a potential anticancer mechanism of the complex via the regulation of p53 and PGC1-α pathways, influencing mitochondrial function and glycolysis. HOMO-LUMO energy calculations indicated that Ni (II) and Cu (II) complexes exhibit high reactivity, while the ligand displayed notable stability. The proposed study on the synthesis of azo-metal complexes using 2,4-dihydroxy acetophenone is first of its kind, demonstrating high structural stability and promising anticancer and antioxidant activity, underscoring the need for further research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825002461SulfanilamideAntioxidant activityAnticancer activity17-β-HSD1 enzymeHOMO-LUMO analysis
spellingShingle Durga Prasad Mishra
Prafulla Kumar Sahu
Ashish Kumar Sarangi
Debarshi Kumar Deb
Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
Next Materials
Sulfanilamide
Antioxidant activity
Anticancer activity
17-β-HSD1 enzyme
HOMO-LUMO analysis
title Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
title_full Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
title_fullStr Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
title_short Novel sulfonamide-based azo-metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and In Vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
title_sort novel sulfonamide based azo metal complexes synthesis characterization theoretical studies and in vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluation
topic Sulfanilamide
Antioxidant activity
Anticancer activity
17-β-HSD1 enzyme
HOMO-LUMO analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822825002461
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AT ashishkumarsarangi novelsulfonamidebasedazometalcomplexessynthesischaracterizationtheoreticalstudiesandinvitroantioxidantandanticancerevaluation
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