Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran

Background In late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the menta...

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Main Authors: Tao Liang, Mahlagha Dehghan, Yaser Soltanmoradi, Precious Chibuike Chukwuere, Hassan Pakdaman, Elham khaloobagheri, Mahmood Kahnooji, Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri, Mohammad Ali Zakeri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-10-01
Series:BMJ Paediatrics Open
Online Access:https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002318.full
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author Tao Liang
Mahlagha Dehghan
Yaser Soltanmoradi
Precious Chibuike Chukwuere
Hassan Pakdaman
Elham khaloobagheri
Mahmood Kahnooji
Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri
Mohammad Ali Zakeri
author_facet Tao Liang
Mahlagha Dehghan
Yaser Soltanmoradi
Precious Chibuike Chukwuere
Hassan Pakdaman
Elham khaloobagheri
Mahmood Kahnooji
Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri
Mohammad Ali Zakeri
author_sort Tao Liang
collection DOAJ
description Background In late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of both children and parents. This study investigates the relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress and depression, and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life (CHQol) and externalised behavioural disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included 396 parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Sampling was done by designing an online questionnaire that was distributed on social media (WhatsApp and Telegram and native social media, such as Eitaa, Soroush and E-Gap). Inclusion criteria were all citizens living in rural and urban areas of Rafsanjan, citizens living in Rafsanjan city for 1 year and having children aged 6–18 years old. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, CHQol and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to collect data.Results We found a positive significant correlation between anxiety (r=0.334), stress (r=0.354), depression (r=0.324) and externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). Depression and anxiety predicted 22% of the variance of the CHQol (p<0.001) while age, stress, use of masks and gloves to prevent infection, and anxiety predicted 19% of the variance of externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001).Conclusion Parents experienced high levels of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak, which can be associated with behavioural disorders in their children and negatively impact their health. Therefore, it is crucial to pay more attention to the mental state of parents and its complications for children.
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spelling doaj-art-64d634a16bb64de2b930dd57b0727d1f2025-08-20T03:07:57ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Paediatrics Open2399-97722024-10-018110.1136/bmjpo-2023-002318Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in IranTao Liang0Mahlagha Dehghan1Yaser Soltanmoradi2Precious Chibuike Chukwuere3Hassan Pakdaman4Elham khaloobagheri5Mahmood Kahnooji6Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri7Mohammad Ali Zakeri8Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaMedical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran3 Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)5 NuMIQ Research Focus Area, School of Nursing Science, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa6 Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)7 Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)8 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)10 Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)11 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Background In late 2019, a new respiratory illness was detected in Wuhan, China and was later designated as COVID-19 by the WHO. Despite international efforts to impose restrictions and quarantine measures, the virus spreads rapidly across the globe. The pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of both children and parents. This study investigates the relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress and depression, and Children’s Health-Related Quality of Life (CHQol) and externalised behavioural disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included 396 parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Sampling was done by designing an online questionnaire that was distributed on social media (WhatsApp and Telegram and native social media, such as Eitaa, Soroush and E-Gap). Inclusion criteria were all citizens living in rural and urban areas of Rafsanjan, citizens living in Rafsanjan city for 1 year and having children aged 6–18 years old. We used a demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, CHQol and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to collect data.Results We found a positive significant correlation between anxiety (r=0.334), stress (r=0.354), depression (r=0.324) and externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001). Depression and anxiety predicted 22% of the variance of the CHQol (p<0.001) while age, stress, use of masks and gloves to prevent infection, and anxiety predicted 19% of the variance of externalised behavioural disorder (p<0.001).Conclusion Parents experienced high levels of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak, which can be associated with behavioural disorders in their children and negatively impact their health. Therefore, it is crucial to pay more attention to the mental state of parents and its complications for children.https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002318.full
spellingShingle Tao Liang
Mahlagha Dehghan
Yaser Soltanmoradi
Precious Chibuike Chukwuere
Hassan Pakdaman
Elham khaloobagheri
Mahmood Kahnooji
Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri
Mohammad Ali Zakeri
Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
BMJ Paediatrics Open
title Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
title_full Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
title_fullStr Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
title_short Relationship between parents’ anxiety, stress, depression and their children’s health-related quality of life and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
title_sort relationship between parents anxiety stress depression and their children s health related quality of life and psychological well being during the covid 19 outbreak in iran
url https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002318.full
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